England and Scotland relative to goats: that they are never to be seen for twentyfour hours together; and that once in that space, they pay a visit to the devil in order to have their beards combed.

Baxter, in his "World of Spirits," mentions an anecdote from whence Mr. Brand imagines, that "this infernal visitant was in no instance treated with more sang froid on his appearing, or rather, perhaps, his imagined appearance, than by one Mr. White of Dorchester." That gentleman was assessor to the Westminster Assembly at Lambeth, and "the devil, in a light night, stood by his bed-side: he looked awhile whether he would say or do any thing, and then said, 'If thou hast nothing else to do, I have; and so turned himself to sleep.'

King James I. told his parliament in a speech on a certain occasion, that "the devil is a busy bishop." It has been objected to this saying of "His Most Dread Majesty," that it would have sounded well enough from a professed enemy to the bench, "but came very improperly from a king who flattered them more, and was more flattered by them, than any prince till his time."

PRINTERS' DEVILS.

As I was going the other day into Lincoln's-inn, (says a writer in the "Grubstreet Journal" of October 26, 1732,) under a great gateway, I met several lads loaded with great bundles of newspapers, which they brought from the stamp-office. They were all exceeding black and dirty; from whence I inferred they were "printers' devils," carrying from thence the returns of unfold newspapers, after the stamps had been cut off. They stopt under the gateway, and there laid down their loads; when one of them made the following harangue: "Devils, gentlemen, and brethren :-though I think we have ro reason to be ashamed on account of the vulgar opinion concerning the origin of our name, yet we ought to acknowledge ourselves obliged to the learned herald, who, upon the death of any person of title, constantly gives an exact account of his ancient family in my London Evening Post. He says, there was one monsieur Devile, or De Ville, who came over with William the Conqueror, in company with

• Gentleman's Magazine.

De Laune, De Vice, De Val, D'Ashwood, D'Urfie, D'Umpling, &c. One of the sons of a descendant of this monsieur De Ville, was taken in by the famous Caxton in 1471, as an errand boy; was afterwards his apprentice, and in time an eminent printer, from whom our order took their name; but suppose they took it from infernal devils, it was not because they were messengers frequently sent in darkness, and appeared very black, but upon a reputable account, viz., John Fust, or Faustus, of Mentz, in Germany, was the inventor of printing, for which he was called a conjurer, and his art the black art. As he kept a constant succession of boys to run on errands, who were always very black, these they called devils; some of whom being raised to be his apprentices, he was said to have raised many a devil. As to the inferior order among us, called flies, employed in taking newspapers off the press, they are of later extraction, being no older than newspapers themselves. Mr. Bailey thinks, their original name was lies, taken from the papers they so took off, and the alteration occasioned used to cry flie, lie, which naturally fell thus. To hasten these boys, the pressmen into one single word lie. This conjecture is confirmed by a little corruption in the true title of the fLying Post; since, therefore, we are both comprehended under the title of devils, let us discharge our office with diligence; so may we attain, as many of our predecessors have done, to the dignity of printers, and to have an opportunity of using others as much like poor devils, as we have been used by them, or as they and authors are used by booksellers. These are an upstart profession, who have engrossed the business of bookselling, which originally belonged solely to our masters. But let them remember, that if we worship Belial and Beelzebub, the God of flies, all the world agrees, that their God is mammon.”

The preceding is from the "Gentleman's Magazine" for October, 1732; and it is mentioned, that "at the head of the article is a picture emblematically displaying the art and mystery of printing; in which are represented a compositor, with an ass's head; two pressmen, one with the head of a hog, the other of a horse, being names which they fix upon one another; a flie taking off the sheets, and a devil hanging them up; a messenger with a greyhound's

In

UNIVERSITY OF GOTTINGEN. In September, 1737, a new university founded at Gottingen, by his Britannic majesty, which has since attained to great eminence, was "opened with a very solemn_inauguration." 1788, the black board, on the walls of its council-house, bore three edicts for the expulsion of three students named Westfield, Planch, and Bauer. These papers were drawn up in Latin by the celebrated professor Heyne, and are printed in the "Gentleman's Magazine" for June, 1789. King George IV., when prince regent in 1814, sent a copy of every important work published in England during the ten preceding years, as a present to the library of the university, agreeable to a promise ne had made to that purport.

NATURALISTS' CALENDAR.
Mean Temperature... 57. 87.

September 20.

HEALTH-Cholera Morbus.

This is, of all times of the year, the most productive of epidemical disorders of the bowels, which are erroneously ascribed to fruits, but which, in reality, the autumnal fruits seem best calculated to mollify. If the diarrhea be very violent, or accompanied with incessant vomiting, as in cholera morbus, the best practice is, after the intestinal canal has been suffered copiously to evacuate itself, to take small doses of chalk, or of some other substance known to check the disorder, with which chemists are always prepared. But in ordinary cases, it is a safer plan to let the disease spend itself, as there is a great deal of irritation of the intestines, which the flux carries off. We should avoid eating animal food, but take tea, broths, gruel, and other diluents, and the disorder will usually soon subside of itself. After it has so subsided we should guard against its return, by taking great care to keep the bowels regular, by eating light and vegetable food and fruits, or now and then

Swallows and martins are still very numerous, the general migration not having begun. They roost in immense numbers on buildings, round about which martins fly some times in such quantities. as almost to darken the air with their

plumes. Sparrows, linnets, various finches, and also plovers, are now seen about in flocks, according to an annual habit, prevalent among many kinds of birds, of assembling together in autumn,†

The accompanying stanzas applicable to the season, are extracted from an original poem, entitled "The Libertine of the Emerald Isle," which will, probably, be published early in the next year

AUTUMN.

For the Every-Day Book. The leaves are falling, and the hollow breeze

At ev'ning tide sweeps mournfully along, Making sad music, such as minor keys

Develope in a melancholy song:
The meadows, too, are losing by degrees

Their green habiliments- and now among
The various works of nature there appears
A gen'ral gloom, prophetic of the year's
Approaching dissolution:—but to me
These sombre traits are pregnant with
delight,
And yield my soul more true felicity

Than words can justly picture :-they invite My mind to contemplation-they agree

With my heart's bias, and at once excite Those feelings, both of love and admiration, Which make this world a glorious revelation!

Dr. Forster's Perennial Calendar. ↑ Ibid.

Of reason, and philosophy, and truth, And ev'ry" sound reflection" that disarms

This life of half its terrors :-in our youth We fee! no sense of danger, and the qualms

Of conscience seldom trouble us forsooth, Because the splendour of its reign destroys Whatever checks our sublunary joys?

But thou art far too rigid and severe

To let these errors triumph for a day, Or suffer folly, in her mad career,

To sweep our reas'ning faculties away! Thou pointest out the fun'ral of the year,

The summer's wreck and palpable decay, Stamping a "moral lesson" on the mind," To awe, restrain, and meliorate mankind!

But men are callous to thy warning voice, And pass thee by, regardless of thy worth, Making a false and perishable choice

Of all the fleeting pleasures of the earth : They love gross riot, turbulence, and noise,

The Bacchanalian's ebriating mirth, And when the autumn of their lives creeps on, Their wit has vanish'd, and their strength is gone!

But had they been observant of thy pow'rs,

And ponder'd o'er thy ruin and decay, They might have well applied them to those

hours

fore, ordered to be decimated by Maximian. Every tenth man was accordingly put to death, and on their continued resistance, a second decimation ordered, and Maurice and his companions encouraged them, and six hundred men, well armed, being no the whole legion consisting of six thousand way intimidated to idolatry by cruelty, were slaughtered by the rest of the army, and relics of their bodies were gathered and preserved, and worked miracles.*

BATTLE OF THREEKINGHAM,

For the Every-Day Book.

The village of Threekingham, in the county of Lincoln, was known by the name of Laundon, previous to this day, A. D. 870, when a battle was fought between the English and Danes, of which Ingulphus, a monk of Crowland abbey, has left the following account.

The Danes entered England in the year 879, and wintered at York; and in the year 880 proceeded to the parts of menced their destructive depredations by Lindsey, in Lincolnshire, where they comlaying waste the abbey of Bardney. In the month of September in the latter year, earl Algar, with two of his seneschals, (Wibert, owner of Wiberton, and Leofric, owner of Leverton,) attended by the men of Holland (Lincolnshire), Toly, a monk (formerly a soldier), with two hundred men belonging to Crowland abbey, and and Boston, Morcar, lord of Bourn, three hundred from Deeping, Langtoft, with his powerful family, and Osgot, sheriff of Lincolnshire, with the forces of the county, being five hundred more, mustered in Kesteven, on the day of St. Maurice, and fought with the Danes, over whom they obtained considerable advantage, killing three of their kings and many of their private soldiers, and pursued the rest to their very camp, until night obliged them to separate. In the same night several princes and earls of the Danes, with their followers, who had been out in search of plunder, came to the assistance of their countrymen; by the report of which many of the English were so dismayed that they took to flight. Those, however, who had resolution to face the enemy in the morning, went to prayers, and were marshalled for battle.

• Butler

Among the latter was Toly with his five hundred men in the right wing, with Morcar and his followers to support them; and Osgot the sheriff, with his five hundred men, and with the stout knight, Harding de Riehall, and the men of Stamford. The Danes, after having buried the three kings whom they had lost the day before, at a place there called Laundon, but since, from that circumstance, called Three-king-ham, marched out into the field. The battle began, and the English, though much inferior in numbers, kept their ground the greater part of the day with steadiness and resolution, until the Danes feigning a flight, were rashly pursued without attention to order. The Danes then took advantage of the confusion of the English, returned to the charge, and made their opponents pay dearly for their temerity; in fine, the Danes were completely victorious. In this battle, earl Algar, the monk Toly, and many other valiant men, were slain on the part of the English; after which the Danes proceeded to the destruction of the abbeys of Crowland, Thorney, Ramsey and Hamstede (Peterborough) and many other places in the neighbourhood. Thus far is from Ingulphus the

monk.

A fair, said to have arisen from the above circumstance, is annually held at Three-king-ham, on a remarkable piece of ground, called Stow Green Hill, reported to be the spot whereon the battle was principally contested, and Domesdaybook in some degree corroborates the statement; for in the Conqueror's time, A. D. 1080, when that survey was taken, we find that there was then a fair held here, which yielded forty shillings, accounted for to Gilbert de Gand, lord of Foldingham. This fair, however, is not held now in the month of September, but commences on the 15th of June, and continues till the fourth of July, and was very probably changed in the fifty-second year of the reign of king Henry III., who according to Tanner's "Notitia Monastica," granted a charter for a fair at this place to the monastery of Sempringham.

September 23.

OPENING OF THE WINTER Theatres.

For the Every-Day Book.

To cultivate pleasant associations, may well be deemed a part and parcel of the philosophy of life. Now that spring, that sweet season redolent of flowers and buds hath passed away, and summer mellowing into autumn, has well nigh fallen into the "sere the yellow leaf," we in " populous city pent," gladly revert to those social enjoyments peculiar to a great metropolis, and among which stand conspicuous, the amusements of the acted drama.

The opening of the winter theatres may be reckoned as one of the principal fasti of cockney land, an epoch which distinctly marks the commencement of a winter in London. How changed from the auspicious season, when the bright sun glancing into our gloomy retreats, tantalizes us with visions of the breathing sweets of nature, and when we in our very dreams "babbled of green fields,"-to the period when even the thronged and dirty streets are endurable, as we wend our way perchance through a fog, (a London particular,) towards the crowded and gaily lighted theatre, by contrast made more brilliant.

"My first play" forms an era to most young persons, and is generally cherished among our more agreeable juvenile reminiscences: but the subject has been recently expatiated upon so delightfully and in so genial a spirit by ELIA, as almost to make further comment "a wasteful and ridiculous excess." I well remember the vast and splendid area of old Drurylane theatre, where the mysterious green curtain portico, to that curious microcosm the stage, first met my youthful gaze. The performances were, the "Stranger" and Blue Beard," both then in the very bloom of their popularity: and whatever difference of opinion may exist as to the moral tendency of the first, all must allow that never piece was more effective in the representation, when aided by the unrivalled talents of Kemble, and Mrs. Siddons, at that time in the zenith of their powers. I confess, that to my unsophisticated boyish feelings, subdued by the cunning of the scene, it seemed quite natural, that the sufferings of bitter remorse and repentance should suffice to ensure the pity and forgiveness of outraged society-Happy age, when the generous impulses of our