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3. Joseph's Perils.

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Joseph was especially beloved by his father Jacob, as being1 the eldest son of Rachel. This unfair partiality 2 and a dream which the lad himself related to his brothers, signifying that he was destined to be greater than they, caused him to be envied and hated by them. One day while feeding their flocks, they saw him approaching and? formed a plan to put him to death. Being however persuaded not to shed his blood, they stripped him of a coat of many colours which his father had given him, and threw him into a pit; but seeing certain merchants who through God's guidance were passing by at the time, they took him out and sold him to them, as if he were a slave or one of the animals they were pasturing. To conceal 10 their brother's fate from their father, they stained his coat with blood, and took it to the old man, who thereupon concluded 11 that his son had been devoured by a wild beast. Meanwhile Joseph was carried away into Egypt and sold to Potiphar, one of Pharaoh's generals.

1. since he was, quippe qui. 2. amor iniquus. 3. by which it was signified. 4. futurus esse. 5. to come into envy and hatred. 6. quondam. 7. get rid of the 'and' by saying 'when they had seen. 8. versicolor. 9. abl. abs. 10. celare, with double accusative. 11. colligo.

4. The Gauls in Rome.

When the Gauls rushed in, and found no one in the city except these old men, who sat in silence, they were astonished. At last one of the Gauls began to stroke the long white beard of Marcus Papirius, who was one of the priests. He in anger struck the Gaul with his ivory sceptre which he held in his hand. Then the Gauls rushed upon them, and killed them all, and set fire to the city. Next the Gauls tried to take the Capitol, but they could not find any way up to it, because the rock was steep. At last they found a path, and one night a band of Gauls climbed up so secretly that no one of the Romans heard them. But there were in the Capitol some geese, which were sacred to the goddess Juno; and as the Gauls reached the top, these geese began to cackle, and awoke a brave Roman, Marcus Manlius, who was just in time1 to find the foremost Gaul clambering over the edge of the rock. He pushed him back with his shield, and the Gaul fell: as he fell he knocked over many of those who were following him, and the Romans had time to awake and drive the rest back. So the Capitol was saved; and after a while the Gauls went back to their own country, carrying their plunder with them.

1. having awoke in time (tempori). 2. it was allowed.

5. Unity is Strength.

When his soldiers had for some time been asking for a battle, and their eagerness could not be restrained, Sertorius placed two horses before them: one a stout animal, and the other a gaunt,1 weak creature; he then ordered a sturdy youth to pull off the tail of the weak horse in one piece, and a weak old man to pluck off one by one the hairs of the strong horse's tail. The ineffectual efforts of the youth caused3 universal amusement, but the old man accomplished his task 5 with the greatest ease. As the soldiers were at a loss to comprehend the meaning of this," Sertorius turned to them and said, 'The enemy's army is like a horse's tail. If you attack it piecemeal it can easily be defeated; but all efforts to destroy it while united will be fruitless.' 1. exilis. 2. totus. 3. movere. 4. to all. 5. turn this by an 6. what this meant (sibi velle). 7. he who, etc. 8. parts.

adjectival clause.

6. The Fall of Troy.

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When the war had been protracted up to the tenth year, the distress 2 of the Greeks was so great that it seemed that nothing could be added thereto. A fearful pestilence raged in their camp; a violent quarrel arose between Agamemnon and Achilles, the bravest of the Grecian leaders. Achilles, with his Thessalians, withdrew from the army of the Greeks; the Trojans took advantage of the distress of their antagonists, attacked their camp, and in most encounters were conquerors. In these straits, the leaders of the Greeks besought Achilles, with his warriors, to return. He flatly refused, but sent them his friend Patroclus, who was killed by Hector, a son of Priam, in single combat. The death of his beloved friend summoned the Thessalian hero to avenge him; Hector fell by his sword, and with him the hope of Troy, which was now subdued, either by stratagem or by the superior force of the Greeks. The old king, Priam, was slain at the foot of the altar, his sons slaughtered, his wife and daughters carried into slavery, the city burned, and entirely demolished.

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1. producere. 2. calamitas. 3. abuti. 4. angustiae. 5. that very brave man. 6. sive-sive.

7. Patient Grissel. 1.

Gualterus, the prince1 of the Salassi at this time, was a young man who was so fond of hawking2 and hunting that he neglected the cares of the state. Nevertheless his people were obedient to his rule, being

proud that a young and courteous prince should reign over them; one thing only displeased them-that he remained unmarried. So the elders of the tribe came to him and begged him to take to himself3 a wife; else, said they, should anything happen to him, he would leave no heir and they would be without a chieftain. If he consented 5 to their request, they added, they would find a lady of good birth worthy to be his wife. Gualterus thanked them for their care of him and promised to do as they wished, intimating at the same time that he preferred to choose his own wife.

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There was in a village near the chief town of the Salassi an old man, with one only daughter, named Griselda. She was fair to look upon, and her affection for her father, as well as the neatness 10 of their home, had often attracted the notice of the prince when he was returning from his hunting. Griselda had heard that he was about to marry, and on the day appointed for the ceremony had risen early 11 and performed all the duties of their little farm,12 that she might have leisure to witness the marriage procession.

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1. regulus. 2. aucupari. 3. ducere. 4. omit. 5. annuere. 6. omit. 7. virtual oratio obliqua, because they cared so for him. He actually said, 'I thank you,' etc. 8. what. 9. pietas erga. 10. munditiae. 11. matutino expergisci. 12. agellus.

8. Patient Grissel. II.

As she stood at the door to watch the procession1 pass, and was wondering whither it was bound, the prince suddenly stopped and called for her father. He took him aside, and told him that he was minded to marry his daughter, provided she would bow herself unto his will. The maiden was sent for, and in reply to the prince's questions, promised to do whatever should please him, and although it might bring her pain, not to show herself discontented in look or word. When she had made this promise the ladies that were in attendance clad her in costly attire, and brought her to the prince's palace, where the marriage was celebrated. Her gentleness won the fove of all the prince's subjects, for she was always ready to lighten their distress and to settle their differences. At the end of a year a daughter was born, and the prince resolved to try his wife whether she would be true to her word. So he sent one of his officers with instructions to carry off the babe, and commit it to the charge of his sister who lived in Bononia, but to tell his wife that he had orders to kill the child. Griselda asked that she might give it a farewell? kiss, and then surrendered it without a murmur, only asking that its body might not be exposed to birds or wild beasts.

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1. pompa. 2. was going. 3. wished. 4. flectere. 5. adesse.
6. simultas. 7. for the last time. 8. proicere.

9. Patient Grissel.

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III.

Four years afterwards a son also was born to them, but him too the prince sent away, telling his wife that the people were discontented with his marriage, and would not endure that the grandson of a peasant should reign over them. Nor was this sufficient for him. When his daughter was already of a marriageable age, he formed another plan to test his wife's constancy. He ordered forged 2 letters to be prepared, by which the Pontifex allowed him to put away 3 his wife and to marry another, in order to quiet the minds of his people and to secure to him his power. Having done this he sent messengers to Bononia, to ask his sister to send him his children on a certain day, without telling any one whose children they were, but to give out that the maiden was to be married to the chief of the Salassi. He then went to his wife, and told her that a new spouse was on her way, and bade her return as she had come to her father's house. She went forth with bare head and feet, accompanied by a crowd of the people that bewailed her fate, and returned to her home, where her father received her with open arms,5 for he had always expected some such end of his prince's caprice. There she dwelt a little space, giving no sign by word or look that any offence had been done to her. 1. nubilis. 2. fictus. 3. renuntiare (with dative). 4. and not to tell. 5. gladly. 6. libido.

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10. Patient Grissel. IV.

On the appointed day the prince's brother-in-law arrived with the two children. Before their arrival the prince had sent for Griselda, and1 bidden her 1 get everything ready for the reception of his guests. When the people saw the new bride, as they imagined, in their fickleness they praised the prince's choice, for the maiden was fairer as well as younger than Griselda. The latter did not fail to commend her rival, and to wish her and her husband a happy union; but she begged him at the same time not to vex and torment his new bride as he had tormented her. She was more tenderly fostered, she said, and could not bear such treatment like one who had been bred in poverty. She had hardly finished these words when her husband clasped her in his arms and told her that she only was his wife-he would have none other. These, he added,' are the children you suppose to be dead, but whom I sent away that I might try the steadfastness of your mind. Now receive your reward; for prince and people will honour such faith as yours.

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1. get rid of these words by making Griselda the object of bidden. 2. that his guests might be received. 3. as they were of fickle (mobilis) mind. 4. her whom the prince had chosen, concrete for abstract. 5. freely (ultro) praised. 6. the very thing (id quod) he had done towards her. 7. omit; these, &c., oratio obliqua. 8. pertentare. 9. proinde.

11. Hannibal's Address to the Campanians.

Hannibal's only fear was that on his departure the Campanians would forthwith surrender. He therefore induced1 a Numidian-a man ready to do and dare anything-to take a despatch, enter the Roman camp as a deserter, and so reach Capua unsuspected.2 In this despatch he thus addressed the citizens: With your courage and endurance, O Campanians, I am greatly pleased, nor am I ignorant what great evils you have suffered; at the same time I am grieved that you have to endure so many and so great hardships. Be not down-hearted: be mindful of your former valour. I am convinced 3 that by my departure I shall draw off both the Roman generals and their armies from the siege of Capua to the defence of Rome. In that case, who can refuse to believe that your troubles will be over, and your city will be saved?'

Throw the words of the despatch into oratio obliqua if you can. In that case the vocative 'O Campanians' must be omitted.

1. persuaded. 2. inopinatus. 3. persuaded. 4. continuous
questions in oratio obliqua are in what moods?

12. The Story of Constance. I.

Some merchants of Syria came to Rome and there heard of the fame of Constantia, the emperor's daughter, whose beauty and goodness won 1 all hearts. On their return they reported to their king what they had seen and heard, for he loved to hear tidings of foreign lands; and amongst other things they told him of the fair princess, and set forth her virtues in such a way that the king vowed 2 that he would have her for his wife. He called together his council, and having laid before them his intention, begged of them, if they cared for his life, to find some means of carrying it into execution. They tried to dissuade him from his plan: no Christian king, they said, would give his daughter to one who followed another law. But the king was ready to forsake his law rather than abandon his design; so ambassadors were sent to Rome to ask the maiden in marriage. The emperor, hoping that thus a great nation would turn away from false gods, consented to their request on condition that the king and all his subjects should embrace the Christian faith; and the bride, with costly presents and a numerous train,10 was sent to her new home. 1. conciliare. 2. iurare. 3. avoid the abstract idea by turning it into a clause. 4. if his life was (for) a care to them. 5. of carrying out (exsequi) his desire. 6. potius quam with subjunctive. 7. not the present participle. 8. ea conditione ut. 9. sponsa. 10. comitatus.

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