publice rapere; delubra spoliare; sacra profanaque omnia polluere. Igitur hi milites, postquam victoriam adepti sunt, nihil reliqui victis fecere. Quippe secundae res sapientium wanimos fatigant: ne illi, corruptis moribus, victoriae temperarent.

XII. POSTQUAM divitiae honori esse coepere, et eas gloria, imperium, potentia sequebatur; hebescere virtus, paupertas probro haberi, innocentia pro malivolentia duci coepit. Igitur, ex divitiis, juventutem luxuria atque avaritia, cum superbia invasere rapere, consumere; sua parvi pendere, aliena cupere; pudorem, pudicitiam, divina atque humana promiscua, nihil pensi atque moderati habere. Operae pretium est, quum domus atque villas cognoveris in urbium modum exaedificatas, visere templa deorum, quae nostri majores, religiosissumi mortales, fecere. Verum illi delubra deorum pietate, domos bsua gloria decorabant; neque victis quidquam, praeter injuriae licentiam, eripiebant. At hi contra, ignavissumi homines, per summum scelus, omnia ea sociis adimere, quae fortissumi viri victores reliquerant: proinde quasi injuriam facere, id demum esset imperio uti.

whether they belonged to private persons or to the public; or rather they pilfered them privately, or carried them off publicly by the authority of their generals. Rapere is almost always taken in a bad sense.

w Animos fatigant. Corrupt, or enervate the minds.

x Ne. Used for nedum, much less, which is the reading in some editions.

y Malivolentia. More commonly written malevolentia. Not from a principle of integrity, but through spite and opposition. z Ex divitiis. In consequence of riches.

a Verum. Refers to the sentiment naturally occurring to the mind, on observing the contrast between the simplicity of the ancient temples, and the splendid decorations of the modern ; but not expressed in the text.

b Sua. In other editions suas, which enfeebles the sense.

c Victores. In most editions is followed by hostibus, which renders the thought more forcible, but wholly changes the sense.

XIII. NAM quid ea memorem, quae, nisi iis qui videre, nemini credibilia sunt: a privatis compluribus subversos montes, maria "constructa esse; quibus mihi videntur ludibrio fuisse divitiae; quippe, quas honeste habere licebat, abuti per turpidinem properabant. Sed lubido pri, ganeae, ceterique cultus, non minor incesserat : viros pati muliebria, mulieres pudicitiam in propatulo habere vescendi caussa, terra marique omnia exquirere ; dormire prius, quam somni cupido esset; non famem, aut sitim, neque frigus, neque lassitudinem opperiri, sed ea omnia luxu antecapere. Haec juventutem, ubi familiares opes defecerant, ad facinora incendebant. Animus imbutus malis artibus haud facile blubidinibus carebat: eo profusius omnibus modis quaestui atque sumptui deditus erat.

XIV. In tanta tamque corrupta civitate, Catilina, id quod factu facillimum erat, omnium iflagitiorum atque facinorum circum se, tamquam stipatorum, catervas habebat. Nam, quicumque impudicus, adulter, ganeo, manu, ventre, pene, bona patria laceraverat; quique alienum aes grande conflaverat, quo flagitium aut facinus redimeret; praeterea, omnes undique parricidae, sacrilegi, convicti judiciis, aut pro factis judicium timentes; ad hoc,

d Constructa. Other editions have constrata, some contracta. e Turpidinem. An old noun, regularly formed from turpis, the same with turpitudinem, which is the common reading.

f Cultus. Is here taken in a bad sense for refinement, or overniceness in diet and dress.

g Viros. I should prefer viri, which is the reading in other editions.

h Lubidinibus. Written also libidinibus. This word is most frequently taken in a bad sense.

i Flagitiorum atque facinorum. A Meton. for flagitiosorum atque facinorosorum; which are the words found in some other editions.

k Redimeret. Might buy off; i. e. might escape the punishment due to his crimes by bribery.

C

quos manus atque lingua, perjurio aut sanguine civili alebat; postremo, omnes quos flagitium, egestas, conscius animus exagitabat; ii Catilinae proxumi familiaresque erant. Quod si quis etiam a culpa vacuus in amicitiam ejus inciderat, quotidiano usu atque illecebris facile 'par similisque ceteris efficiebatur. Sed maxume adolescentium familiaritates adpetebat: eorum animi molles et aetate fluxi, dolis haud difficulter capiebantur. Nam, uti cujusque studium ex aetate flagrabat, aliis scorta praebere; aliis canes atque equos mercari; postremo, neque sumptui, neque modestiae suae parcere, dum illos "obnoxios fidosque faceret. Scio fuisse nonnullos, qui ita aestumarent, juventutem, quae domum Catilinae frequentabat, parum honeste pudicitiam habuisse; sed ex aliis rebus magis, quam quod cuiquam compertum foret, haec fama valebat.

XV. JAM primum adolescens Catilina multa nefanda stupra fecerat; cum virgine nobili, cum sacerdote "Vestae, alia hujuscemodi contra jus fasque. Postremo, captus amore Aureliae Orestillae, cujus, praeter formam, nihil rumquam bonus laudavit; quod ea nubere illi dubitabat, timens privignum

1 Par similisque. Equivalent to par vel saltem similis; but the conjunction que is rarely used in this sense. Why may not the meaning be, equally expert in wickedness, and similarly disposed to evil?

m Obnoxios. Some editions give obstrictos; others insert the pronoun sibi after fidosque, the omission of which appears to me more elegant. To avoid repetition, we remark that the pronoun, as well as the conjunction, is often elegantly omitted in Cortius's edition, though expressed in others.

n Veste. The priestesses of Vesta, who guarded and maintained the sacred fire, &c. were bound to inviolable chastity, and when convicted of dishonour, were burned alive in the campus sceleratus, and their paramours scourged to death in the førum.

o Jus fasque. Human and divine law.

p Umquam. More frequently unquam.

adulta aetate; pro certo creditur, necato filio, va cuam domum scelestis nuptiis fecisse. Quae quidem res mihi in primis videtur caussa fuisse facinoris maturandi. Namque animus impurus, dis hominibusque infestus, neque vigiliis, neque quie tibus sedari poterat; ita conscientia mentem excitam Pvastabat. Igitur colos exsanguis, foedi oculi, citus modo, modo tardus incessus; prorsus in 'facie vultuque vecordia inerat.

XVI. SED juventutem, quam, ut supra diximus, illexerat, multis modis mala facinora edocebat. Ex illis testes signatoresque falsos commodare; fidem, fortunas, pericula vilia habere; post, ubi eorum famam atque pudorem attriverat, majora alia imperabat: si caussa peccandi in praesens minus suppetebat, nihilo minus insontes, sicuti sontes, circumvenire, jugulare: scilicet, ne per otium torpescerent 'manus aut animus, gratuito potius malus atque crudelis erat. His amicis sociisque confisus Catilina, simul quod aes alienum per omnis terras ingens erat, et quod plerique Sullani milites, largius suo usi, rapinarum et victoriae veteris memores, civile bellum "exoptabant; "opprimundae reipublicae consilium cepit. In Italia nullus exercitus: Cn. Pompeius in extremis "terris

p Vastabat. A more emphatical word than vexabat, which is the reading in some editions.

q Colos.

Or color, honos or honor, labos or labor, &c. r Facie vultuque. Fucies applies to the features, vultus to the expression of the countenance.

s Circumvenire, jugulare. Are governed by imperabat. t Manus. The nominative plural.

u Exoptabant. Earnestly desired: such is the force of the preposition ex in composition.

v Opprimunde. An archaism for opprimenda. The use of the u for e in the gerunds and futures of the participles passive will often occur.

w Terris. Terræ in the plural signifies both lands and the earth. By extremis terris are here meant Pontus and Armenia.

bellum gerebat: ipsi consulatum petundi magna spes: senatus nihil sane intentus: tutae tranquillaeque res omnes: sed ea prorsus opportuna Catilinae. XVII. IGITUR circiter Kalendas Junias, L. Cæsare et C. Figulo consulibus, primo singulos adpellare hortari alios, alios tentare: opes suas, imparatam rempublicam, magna praemia conjuratiohis docere. Ubi satis explorata sunt, quae voluit, in unum omnis convocat, quibus maxuma ynecessitudo, et plurimum audaciae. Eo convenere, "senatorii ordinis, P. Lentulus Sura, P. Autronius, L. Cassius Longinus, C. Cethegus, P. et Servius Sullae, Servii filii, L. Vargunteius, Q. Annius, M. Portius Laeca, L. Bestia, Q. Curius: praeterea "ex

x L. Cæsare, &c. In the year of the city 690, and 62 years be fore the Christian æra.

y Necessitudo. Here signifies necessity; more commonly à friendly connection.

z Senatorii ordinis. Among the Romans there were three ranks of citizens: senators, equites or knights, and plebes, or common people. One hundred senators were originally selected out of the whole people; three by each of the thirty curia, three by each of the three tribes, and one by Romulus. These were called patres, either from their age, or the nature of their charge, and their descendents patricii. One hundred more were chosen from among the Sabines, when Tatius, their king, was admitted to share the sovereignty with Romulus. Yet according to Livy, there were but one hundred in the whole at the death of Romulus. Tullus Hostilius increased their number after the destruction of Alba; Tarquinius Priscus added one hundred more so that the whole number to the time of Sylla consisted of about three hundred. After the expulsion of Tarquinius Superbus, Brutus selected proper characters to supply the place of those who had been destroyed by Tarquin, whose names were enrolled with the remaining senators, and hence they were together called patres conscripti. The equites did not originally form a distinct order: they were three hundred young men, one hundred selected from each tribe, and distinguished for their rank, wealth and accomplishments, appointed to guard the person of Romulus, and to serve the state on horseback. They were afterwards, on account of the corruption of the senate, appointed judges; and they were also the farmers of