equestri ordine, M. Fulvius Nobilior, L. Statilius, P. Gabinius Capito, C. Cornelius: ad hoc multi ex coloniis et municipiis, domi nobiles. Erant praeterea complures paullo occultius consilii hujusce participes nobiles, quos magis dominationis spes hortabatur, quam inopia, aut alia necessitudo. Ceterum juventus pleraque, sed maxume nobilium, Çatilinae inceptis favebat: quibus in otio vel magnifice, vel molliter vivere copia erat, incerta pro certis, bellum, quam pacem, malebant. Fuere item ea tempestate, qui crederent M. Licinium Crassum non ignarum ejus consilii fuisse ; quia Cn. Pompeius, invisus ipsi, magnum exercitum ductabat, cujusvis opes voluisse contra illius potentiam crescere; simul confisum, si conjuratio valuisset, facile apud illos principem se fore.

XVIII. SED antea item conjuravere pauci contra rempublicam, in quibus Catilina; de qua, quam verissume potero, dicam. L. Tullo, M. Lepido consulibus, P. Autronius et P. Sulla,

the public revenue, and in that station called publicani. The body of the people was denominated plebs, or plebes. Besides these three orders, there was always a great number of slaves in the Roman territory.

a Coloniis & municipiis. The Romans, to aid in preserving the fidelity of conquered nations, sent among them colonies of their own citizens. Municipia were towns in conquered countries, composed originally of Roman citizens, who, for their fidelity and good conduct, munera civium Romanorum ceperunt, were admitted to the privileges of Roman citizens.

b Nobiles. This word is omitted in some editions, though it seems necessary to the sense.

c Qua. Conjuratione being understood. Other editions have quo, referring to the whole sentence, as an antecedent.

d P. Autronius & P. Sulla. After these words in other editions are inserted designati consules, which seem necessary to a clear understanding of the author's meaning. The consuls were chosen the latter end of July, or beginning of August, and were then denominated designati; though they did not enter upon their offices till the first of January.

legibus ambitus interrogati, poenas dederant. Post paullo Catilina, pecuniarum repetundarum reus, prohibitus erat consulatum petere, quod intra legitimos dies profiteri nequiverit. Erat eodem tempore Cn. Piso, adolescens nobilis, summae audaciae, egens, factiosus, quem ad perturbandam rempublicam inopia atque mali mores stimulabant. Cum hoc, Catilina et Autronius, consilio communicato, parabant in Capitolio, Kalendis Januariis, L. Cottam et L. Torquatum consules interficere; ipsi, sfascibus correptis, Pisonem cum exercitu að obtinendas duas "Hispanias mittere. Ea re cognita, rursus in Nonas Februarias consilium caedis transtulerant. Jam tum non consulibus modo, sed plerisque senatoribus perniciem machinabantur.

e Autronius. After this word are inserted in some editions ciraiter nonas decembr.

f Kalendis, or Calendis. From the old verb calo, originating from the Greek xaλew voco. The first day of every month was called the Calends; because, being the first day of the moon, or the day of new moon, it was necessary for the priests, who had the charge of the Calendar, to have the first day of the month publicly proclaimed to the people. The nones were so called because there were nine days, counting inclusively, between them and the ides, which were so named from the old verb iduare, to divide, because they nearly divided the month. The nones of the months of March, May, July, and October, fell on the 7th, and the ides on the 15th day of the month. In the other months the nones fell on the 5th, and the ides on the 13th. The Romans counted backwards: the day before the calends, nones and ides being called pridie Calendas, nonas, idus, ante being understood; and the day preceding that, tertius Kalendas, &c. The word Kalende is the only Latin word, except proper names, in which k is used. The Greeks divided their months very differently from the Romans.

g Fascibus. The fasces were a bundle of rods with an axe tied in the middle of them, which were carried before the kings, and afterwards before the consuls, as an emblem of their power.

h Hispanias. Hither and thither Spain, called by the Romans Citerion & Ulterior

iTranstulerant. In other editions transtulerunt, which seems preferable.

Quod ni Catilina maturasset "pro curia signum sociis dare, eo die, post conditam urbem Romanam, pessumum facinus patratum foret. Quia nondum frequentes armati convenerant, ea res consilium diremit.

XIX. POSTEA Piso in citeriorem Hispaniam quaestor pro praetore missus est, adnitente Crasso, quod eum infestum inimicum Cn. Pompeio cognoverat. Neque tamen senatus provinciam invitus dederat : quippe foedum hominem a republica procul nesse volebat: simul, quia boni quam plures praesidium in eo putabant: et jam tum potentia Cn. Pompeii formidolosa erat. Sed is Piso, in provinciam, ab equitibus Hispanis, quos in exercitu ductabat, iter faciens, occisus est. Sunt qui ita dicunt, imperia ejus injusta, superba, crudelia, barbaros nequivisse pati: alii autem, equites illos, Cn. Pompeii veteres fidosque clientes, voluntate ejus Pisonem adgressos; numquam Hispanos Ppraeterea tale facinus fecisse, sed imperia saeva multa

Pro curia. Before the senate house, or place where the senate met.

1 Questor pro prætore. With prætorian power. The quæstors had charge of the public money, and of its disbursement, and of the share of the plunder taken by the army, which belonged to the public; for which reason one attended every army. It was the lowest office that gave admission into the senate. The prætors superintended the courts of justice; they were also sent out as governors of provinces, and of course commanded armics.

m Inimicum. An inveterate enemy. To some editors inimicum after infestum has appeared superfluous, and is, therefore, omitted.

n Esse. In some editions abesse.

o Adgressos. An archaism for aggressos; so adpellare afterwards for appellare. Adgressos esse is governed by equites, horsemen, who, according to Sallust, were old and faithful adherents of Pompey.

p Præterea. In any other instance.

antea perpessos. Nos eam rem in medio relinquemus. De superiore conjuratione satis dictum.

XX. CATILINA ubi eos, quos paullo ante memoravi, convenisse videt; tametsi cum singulis multa saepe egerat, tamen 'in rem fore credens universos adpellare et cohortari, in abditam partem aedium secedit; atque ibi, omnibus arbitris procul amotis, orationem hujuscemodi habuit. "Ni virtus fidesque vestra spectata mihi forent, nequidquam opportuna res cecidisset; spes magna, "dominatio, in manibus frustra fuissent: neque ego, per ignaviam, aut vana ingenia, incerta pro certis captarem. Sed, quia multis et magnis tempestatibus vos cognovi fortes fidosque mihi, eo animus "ausus maxumum atque pulcherrumum facinus incipere: simul, quia vobis, eadem mihi, bona malaque intellexi; nam idem velle atque nolle, ea demum firma amicitia est. Sed ego quae mente agitavi, omnes jam antea diversi audistis. Ceterum mihi in dies magis animus accenditur, cum considero, quae conditio vitae futura sit, nisi nosmet ipsi vindicamus in libertatem. Nam, postquam respublica in paucorum jus

q Relinquemus. Some editions have relinquimus. In medio retinquere, to leave undetermined.

r In rem. For his interest, advantage, or purpose.

s Secedit. In other editions secessit, which is certainly pre. ferable, because habuit is connected to it by atque; unless secedit be considered as the old præterperfect tense of the verb.

-fuisset.

t Spectata. In some editions we find satis spectata. u Dominatio. In some editions dominationisv Ego. Both in this and the next sentence is used emphati cally, and therefore elegantly expressed.

w Ausus. In most editions sum is expressed after ausus, whereas in that of Cortius, sum, est and esse are constantly and elegantly understood.

x Incipere. Used for suscipere.

y Eadem mihi. In most editions eadem quæ mihi, which pleases me better.

z Atque. In some editions the words are atque idem. The last idem appears superfluous.

atque ditionem concessit, semper illis reges, "tetrarchac vectigales esse; "populi, nationes stipendia pendere; ceteri omnes, strenui, boni, nobiles atque ignobiles, vulgus fuimus, sine gratia, sine auctoritate, his obnoxii, quibus, si respublica valeret, formidini essemus. Itaque omnis gratia, potentia, honos, divitiae apud illos sunt, aut ubi illi volunt: repulsas nobis reliquere, pericula, judicia, egestatem. Quac quousque tandem patiemini, fortissumi viri? Nonne emori per virtutem praestat, quam vitam miseram atque inhonestam, ubi alienae superbiae ludibrio fueris, per dedecus amittere? Verum enim vero, pro deûm atque hominum fidem! victoria nobis in manu: viget aetas, animus valet: contra illis, annis atque divitiis, omnia consenuerunt. Tantum modo incepto opus est cetera res expediet. Etenim quis mortalium cui virile ingenium, tolerare potest, illis divitias superare, quas. profundant in extruendo mari et montibus coaequandis; nobis rem familiarem etiam ad necessaria deesse? illos binas, aut famplius, domos continuare; nobis #larcm familiarem nusquam ullum esse ?

a Tetrarcha. A tetrarch was governor of the fourth part of a province.

b Populi, nationes. Natio denotes the whole people, gens a family, and populi tribes, several of which go to compose a

nation.

c Valeret. Were vigorous.

d Emori. To die outright. N. B. Less important variations, especially in the order of the words, are generally unnoticed.

e Cetera res expediet. A phrase which will hardly admit of a literal translation: the meaning is, the rest will follow of

course.

f Aut amplius. Amplius is precisely the word applicable to the verb continuare. ut plures would have been less elegant. Continuare binas domos, &c. They erect two houses together, or contiguous, or even continue their building farther.

g Larem. Lar properly signifies a family god; sometimes by Meton, a house or hearth.