Sed diu magnum inter mortalis certamen fuit, vine corporis, an virtute animi, res militaris magis procederet. Nam et prius, quam incipias, consulto; et, ubi consulueris, mature facto opus est. Ita utrumque per se indigens, alterum alterius auxilio eget.

II. IGITUR initio reges (nam in terris nomen 'imperii id primum fuit) "diversi, pars ingenium, alii corpus exercebant: et jam tum vita hominum sine cupiditate "agitabatur; sua cuique satis placebant. Postea vero quam in Asia Cyrus, in Graecia Lacedaemonii et Athenienses coepere urbes atque nationes subigere, Plubidinem dominandi caussam belli habere, maxumam gloriam in maxumo imperio putare; tum demum periculo atque negotiis compertum est, in bello plurimum ingenium posse. Quod si regum atque imperatorum animi virtus in pace ita, uti in bello, valeret, raequabilius atque constantius 'sese res humanae haberent; neque aliud alio ferri, neque mutari ac misceri omnia cerneres. Nam imperium facile his artibus

k Incipias. Before you begin, instead of, before one begins. The second person is thus frequently used with much elegance. 1 Imperii. Of government, i. e. of those who exercised dominion, or administered government. The office put for the officer. A Meton.

m Diversi. Agreeing with reges.

n Agitabatur. Used for agebatur; the frequentative for the simple verb: a practice very frequent with our author.

o Cyrus. The Great, founder of the Persian empire. p Lubidinem dominandi. Ambition, a desire of dominion. q Quod si But if. Quod before si is commonly used for sed. r Equabilius & constantius, &c. Would be more uniform and steady. A more elegant expression than æquabiliores & constantiores essent.

s Aliud alio ferri. In expressions of this kind, that the meaning may be more clear and explicit in English, the Latin words must be repeated.

t Misceri. To be thrown into confusion.

I consulto is governed by &pus viskly Sevu then

retinetur, quibus initio partum est. Verum, ubi pro labore desidia, pro 'continentia et aequitate lubido atque superbia invasere, fortuna simul cum moribus immutatur. Ita imperium semper ad optumum quemque a minus bono transfertur. Quae homines warant, navigant, aedificant, virtuti omnia parent. Sed multi mortales, dediti ventri atque somno, indocti incultique vitam, sicuti peregrinantes, transegere; quibus, profecto contra naturam, corpus voluptati, anima oneri fuit. Eorum ego vitam mortemque juxta aestumo, quoniam de utraque siletur. Verum enim vero is demum mihi vivere atque frui anima videtur, qui, aliquo negotio intentus, praeclari facinoris, aut artis bonae famam quaerit. Sed, in magna copia rerum, aliud alii natura iter ostendit.

means

III. PULCHRUM est bene facere reipublicae etiam bene dicere haud absurdum est. Vel pace, vel bello, clarum fieri licet: et qui fecere, et qui facta aliorum scripsere, multi laudantur. Ac mihi quidem, atamen etsi haudquaquam par gloria sequatur scriptorem et bauctorem rerum, tamen in primis arduum especiary videtur res gestas scribere: primum, quod facia ¿dictis sunt exaequanda : dehinc, quia plerique, quae ナ

u Pro labore. Labor is here taken for a disposition to labour. v Pro continentia, &c. Instead of moderation and equity, pas

sion and pride.

w Arant, &c. An unusual mode of writing, for arando, navi gando, &c. parant.

x Juxta. Alike. A preposition used adverbially by enallage. y In magna copia rerum. In the great variety of employments. z Aliud alii. To comprehend this mode of expression, which often occurs, see note s in the preceding page.

a Tamen etsi. Afterwards contracted into tametsi. b Auctorem. In other editions is found actorem.

If the lat

ter reading be adopted, actorem rerum will be a pleonasm.

c Res gestas. A history: which in those days was little more than a description of the exploits, or gallant actions of military commanders.

d Dictis. By the language or style.

delicta reprehenderis, malivolentia et invidia eputant: ubi de magna virtute et gloria fbonorum memores, quae sibi quisque facilia factu putat, aequo animo accipit; supra ca, veluti ficta, pro falsis ducit. Sed ego adolescentulus, initio, sicuti plerique, Estudio ad rempublicam latus sum; hibique mihi advorsa multa fuere. Nam pro pudore, pro abstinentia, pro virtute, audacia, largitio, avaritia vigebant. Quae tametsi animus aspernabatur, insolens malarum artium; tamen, inter tanta vitia, imbecilla aetas ambitione corrupta tenebatur: ac me, cum ab reliquorum malis moribus dissentirem, nihilo minus honoris cupido, eadem, quæ ceteros, fama atque invidia vexabat.

IV. IGITUR, ubi animus ex multis miseriis atque periculis requievit, et mihi reliquam aetatem a republica procul habendam decrevi, non fuit consilium, secordia atque desidia bonum otium conte-wasted rere; neque vero agrum colendo, aut venando, servilibus officiis intentum, aetatem agere: sed, a quo incepto studio me ambitio mala detinuerat, codem regressus, statui res gestas populi Romani

e Putant. In some editions dicta is inserted before putant; but the reading in the text is preferred, because the word reprehensa evidently appears from the context to be understood.

f Bonorum. So highly was military glory prized both among the Greeks and Romans, that the same term in both languages signified both virtue and bravery. Vir fortis in Latin is often equivalent to a man of worth, and bonus here and in many other instances signifies brave, as is clear from the context.

g Studio, &c. I was led by inclination to engage in public business.

h Ibique. Ibi is used for in eo, or in ea, referring to studio, or rempublicam.

i Reliquorum. In some editions we find reliquis, and if fama be taken for a desire of fame, the latter reading will be most consonant to the sense; but fama may be taken for fama mala, or infamia, obloquy.

k Studio. Some read studioque, making incepto a substantive. The reading in the text is most simple.

carptim, ut quaeque memoria digna videbantur, perscribere: eo magis, quod mihi a spe, metu, mpartibus reipublicae animus liber erat. Igitur de Catilinae conjuratione, quam verissume potero, "paucis absolvam nam id facinus in primis ego memorabile existumo, sceleris atque periculi novitate. Decujus hominis moribus pauca prius explananda sunt, quam initium narrandi faciam.

V. LUCIUS CATILINA, nobili genere natus, magna vi et animi et corporis, sed ingenio malo pravoque. Huic ab adolescentia bella intestina, caedes, rapinae, discordia civilis, grata fuere; ribique juventutem suam exercuit. Corpus patiens inediae, vigiliae, algoris, supra quam cuique credibile est : animus audax, subdolus, varius, cujus rei libet 'simulator ac dissimulator: alieni appetens, sui profusus, ardens in cupiditatibus: satis loquentiae,. sapientiae parum. Vastus animus immoderata, incredibilia, nimis alta semper cupiebat. Hunc, post dominationem "Lucii Sullae, lubido maxuma invaserat reipublicae capiundae; neque, id quibus modis adsequeretur, dum sibi regnum pararet, quidquam pensi habebat. Agitabatur magis magisque in

1 Carptim. By pieces or parcels, piecemeal. Others read strictim, briefly.

m Partibus reipublicæ. Political factions or parties. The copulative, to avoid flatness, is frequently omitted by our author. n Paucis absolvam. Narrationem or historiam understood. o Nobili. Cataline was a Patrician of an ancient family. p Ibi. Taken for in eis, or in illis rebus.

q Patiens. An adjective noun, able to endure; patiens, a participle, suffering.

r Varius. Capable of assuming any shape or character.

s Simulator, &c. Simulare, to pretend to be what one is not; dissimulare, to dissemble.

t Loquentiæ. A better reading than eloquentiæ, found in some editions.

u Lucii Sulle. Lucius Sulla usurped and enjoyed the perpetual dictatorship.

v Quidquam pensi, &c.

Nor did he regard.

dies animus ferox, inopia rei familiaris, et conscientia scelerum; quae utraque his artibus auxerat, quas supra memoravi. Incitabant praeterea corrupti civitatis mores, quos pessuma ac diversa inter se mala, luxuria atque avaritia, vexabant. Res ipsa hortari videtur, quoniam de moribus civitatis tempus admonuit, supra repetere, ac, paucis, instituta majorum domi militiaeque; quomodo rempublicam habuerint, quantamque reliquerint; ut paullatim immutata, ex pulcherruma, pessuma ac flagitiosissuma facta sit, disserere.

VI. URBEM Romam, sicuti ego accepi, condidere atque habuere initio Trojani, qui, Aenea duce, profugi, sedibus incertis vagabantur; cumque his Aborigines, genus hominum agreste, sine legibus, sine imperio, liberum atque solutum. Hi postquam in una moenia convenere, dispari genere, dissimili lingua, alii alio more viventes; incredibile memoratu est quam facile coaluerint. Sed, postquam res eorum civibus, moribus, agris aucta, satis prospera, satisque pollens videbatur; sicuti pleraque mortalium habentur, invidia ex opulentia orta est. Igitur reges populique finitimi bello eten

w Diversa. Opposite.

x Res ipsa. The subject itself.

y Tempus. The occasion.

z Aborigines. The original inhabitants; some think Aborigines to be the proper name of some people.

a Alii. Other editions have alius. That in the text is the most simple construction; though alius being a partitive, may be connected to a plural noun.

b Res. Here taken for respublica.

c Civibus aucta. In conformity with the idiom of the Latin language, aucta will apply to all these nouns; though each of them in English requires a different participle. Increased in number of citizens, improved in manners, and enlarged in territory.

d Sicuti pleraque, &c. As is the case for the most part among

men.

e Tentare, esse. The infinitive for the perfect indicative; a practice more frequent with Sallust than with any other author.