History of Europe from the Commencement of the French Revolution to the ... - Sir Archibald Alison - Google Libri

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10. Character of the leading persons there-the Prince of the Peace, Charles

IV., the Queen,

Sketch of the life of the Prince of the Peace,

11. The Prince of Asturias, and Escoiquiz, his confidential adviser,

12. Escoiquiz opens a negotiation with the French ambassador, and the Prince

of Asturias writes to Napoleon,

13. Treaty of Fontainebleau between Napoleon and Charles IV.,

14. Which is ratified by Napoleon,

15. Convention of Fontainebleau,

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16. Napoleon's perfidious designs, both towards Spain and the Prince of the

Peace in this treaty,

17. His secret instructions to Junot in his invasion of Portugal,

18. Extraordinary difficulties of his march through Portugal,

19. Conduct of the Portuguese government, and situation of Lisbon at this

25. The country is occupied by Junot in name of the French: enormous

contributions levied by the troops,

26. Hoisting of the French flag on the forts of Lisbon,

27. The regency is at length dissolved by Junot, and the whole country seized

28. Complete occupation of the kingdom by the French, and despair of the

31. Proclamation of the King on the subject, and correspondence with

35. The Prince of the Peace does not venture to remonstrate against this in-

36. New levy in France. Treacherous seizure of Pampeluna,

37. Of Barcelona,

38. And of Figueras and San Sebastian,

39. Napoleon improves his success, and covers the north of Spain with troops, 333

40. The Prince of the Peace begins to see through the real designs of Napoleon, 335

His secret despatch to Isquierdo at this period, .

Napoleon demands the cession of the provinces to the north of the

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47. Universal joy of the people at these events,

48. Continued advance of the French troops, and entry of Murat into Madrid, 343

49. Murat declines to recognise Ferdinand, and takes military possession of

50. General acquiescence in all the demands of the French,

51. Napoleon offers the crown of Spain to Louis Buonaparte, who declines it,

and Savary is sent to Madrid,

Napoleon's letter to his brother Louis to that effect,

52. Savary's secret instructions, and object of his journey,

347

note, ib.

348

53. He arrives at Madrid, and persuades Ferdinand to go to Bayonue,

54. Journey of Ferdinand to Burgos at Savary's earnest desire,

55. Secret motives of his counsellors in agreeing to his continuing his journey, 353

56. Perfidious assurances of his safety given by Savary,

57. At length he prolongs his journey to Bayonne,

58. Letter from Napoleon, which determines his hesitation,

Guarded but deceitful expressions in Napoleon's letter,

59. Godoy, Charles IV., and the Queen, are sent by Murat to Bayonne,

60. Great embarrassment experienced by Napoleon in regard to the Penin-

His admirable letter to Murat, portraying his views regarding them, note, 359

61. Symptoms of resistance in Spain to the invaders,

62. Arrogant conduct of Murat,

63. Extreme agitation at Madrid at the approaching departure of the rest of

the royal family,

69. Extreme indignation which this massacre excited in Spain,

70. Ferdinand arrives at Bayonne, and is kindly received by Napoleon,

71. But immediately after is told he must resign the crown,

75. Napoleon sends for Charles IV., and has a private conference with

His views as stated to Escoiquiz, .

76. The arrival of Charles IV. solves the difficulty. His reception by Napoleon, 377

77. Ferdinand is forced to resign the crown,

78. Ferdinand still refuses to agree to an unconditional resignation,

Letter of Charles to his son,

note, ib.

79. Napoleon obtains an unconditional surrender of the throne from Charles IV., 381

80. Secret instructions of Ferdinand to the regency at Madrid,

81. The intelligence of the events at Madrid, on May 2, compels a resignation

of the throne from Ferdinand,

82. Ferdinand submits, and resigns the crown,

83. Napoleon makes Joseph King of Spain, and convokes an Assembly of

86. Napoleon's perfidy generally toward the nation,

87. His perfidious conduct towards the Spanish princes,

88. And atrocious treachery at Bayonne by which the whole was concluded,

89. Ultimate consequences of this atrocious conduct to Napoleon and his

90. Its apparent wisdom so far as human policy is concerned,

91. And the ultimate punishment it brought about,

92. The passions of the Revolution were the real causes of the disasters

both of Europe and France,

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3. Physical conformation of the country which has led to these effects,

4. General character of the Peninsula,

5. Statistics of Spain, and its leading features,

1. Memorable events of which the Spanish Peninsula has been the theatre,

2. Uniform and singular character of its guerilla warfare,

8. Extraordinary resolution with which in every age the Spaniards have

defended their cities,

9. Peculiarities in the civil history of the Peninsula which have rendered it

a divided community,

10. It has never been thoroughly amalgamated,

11. Effect of these circumstances in promoting the means of internal and

separate defence,

12. Corruption of the nobility, and extent to which entails were carried,

13. State of the peasantry,

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19. Composition and character of the French army at this period,

20. Their discipline, equipment, and efficiency,

21. Force and character of the British army,

22. Spirit with which it was animated, and regarded by the people,

23. Character and qualities of the British soldiers,

24. Parallel between the British and French troops,

25. Important effect of the British officers being exclusively taken from the

26. The English soldiers were contented with their lot,

27. Which arose from the self-respect of all classes,

28. Severe discipline. Corporal punishments which still subsisted,

General Foy's graphic contrast of the English and French soldiers and

30. Difficulty of keeping any considerable force together in the interior of

31. Fortunate position of the British troops,

32. Military force of Spain at the commencement of the contest,

33. Character and habits of the officers,

34. Military force and physical character of Portugal,

35. General corruption and abuses in the military establishment,

36. Amount, quality, and disposition of the French army at this period in

38. Vigorous efforts at first made for carrying on the contest,

39. Frightful disorders which signalised the commencement of the insurrec-

tion in some cities,

40. Massacres with which the revolution in Valencia commenced,

41. Atrocious cruelty of Calvo and the insurgents,

42. Deserved punishment of Calvo and his associates,

43. Prudent measures adopted by the nobles at Seville. Proceedings of its

Proclamation of the Junta at Seville against Napoleon,

46. Insurrection in Asturias, Galicia, Catalonia, and Aragon,

Prudent instructions to their troops,

49. General recognition of Joseph by the Spanish Notables,

Proclamation of the grandees of Spain to their countrymen,

Degrading letter of Escoiquiz and Ferdinand's counsellors to Joseph,

50. Constitution given at Bayonne by Napoleon to the Spaniards,

51. Proceedings of Napoleon, Joseph, and the Junta of Notables, at Bayonne,

52. New ministry of Joseph, and his journey to, and arrival and reception at

53. Honourable instances of resistance to the general torrent of adulation in

his favour among the grandees,

Memorable answer of the Bishop of Orense to his summons to Bayonne, note, 450

54. Universal joy with which the news of the insurrection is received in

55. Enthusiasm of the popular party in the cause,

56. Noble speech of Mr Sheridan on the Spanish war in Parliament,

57. Reply of Mr Secretary Canning,

59. Consistence of these views with the true principles of freedom,

60. Budget for 1808,

61. Immense extent of the supplies which were sent out to Spain from Great

62. Beneficial effects with which these efforts were attended,

63. Vast preparations of Napoleon for the war against England in the Penin-

sular harbours,

64. His general designs by sea and land against Great Britain,

ib.

NAPOLEON'S FIRST DISASTERS IN SPAIN AND PORTUGAL.

1. Military measures adopted by Napoleon against the insurrection,

2. Successful operations of Bessières and Frère in Old Castile and Leon,

3. Which had the effect of entirely subduing that part of the country,

4. Operations in Aragon. First siege of Saragossa,

5. Description of Saragossa,

6. General concurrence of all classes in the defence,

ib.

7. Operations of Palafox to relieve the city. He is defeated, and re-enters it, 467

8. First operations of the siege,

14. Description of Valencia, and preparations for its defence,

15. Attack on the city. Its repulse,

16. Progress of the insurrection, and partial successes of the patriots in that

17. Advance of Cuesta in Leon on the French communications,

18. Operations of Bessières against Blake and Cuesta in Leon,

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29. Spanish plan of attack, and preparatory movements on both sides,

30. Character of Dupont,

31. Singular manner in which the armies became interlaced,

37. Immense sensation which it produces in Spain and over Europe,

38. Disastrous effect of the delusive opinion entertained of this victory,

39. Opinion of Napoleon on this capitulation,

40. Shameful violation of the capitulation by the Spaniards,

41. And their disgraceful treatment of the prisoners,

42. Departure of Joseph from Madrid, and concentration of the French troops

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