50. Universal transports in the Peninsula. Entry of the Spanish troops into 51. Neglect of any efficient measures in the general exultation, 52. Affairs of Portugal, and disarming of the Spanish troops in that country, 53. Progress of the insurrection, 54. Operations of Loison in the Alentejo, 55. The English cabinet resolve on sending succours to Portugal, 56. Strange substitution of successive commanders to the British expedition, 57. Sir A. Wellesley takes the command of the expedition, and arrives off 83. The British troops are placed under the command of Sir John Moore, . 84. Strength of the united British forces, and their advance into Spain, 1. Deep impression which these events made on the mind of Napoleon, 2. Armaments of Austria, and negotiations with that power and the princes 4. Subsidiary treaty with Prussia, 5. Interview at Erfurth with Alexander, 6. Its secret object, and tenor of the conferences held there, 7. Fêtes and spectacles at Erfurth, . 8. And on the field of Jena, . 29. Disorderly and eccentric retreat of the Spanish armies from the Ebro, 30. Rapid and concentrated advance of the French armies to Madrid, 40. Advance to Sabagun, on the French line of communication, ib. 59. His grave, and veneration with which it is regarded in Spain, 60. Embarkation of the troops, and their return to England, 61. Extreme gloom which these events produce in the British isles, 63. Horror excited by the appearance of the army on its return, 64. Reflections on the campaign: its character checkered, but on the whole 71. Reflections on the character of the British and French armies. Superiority 1. Influence of the aristocratic and democratic principles on the contending 2. Policy of the Imperial cabinet since the peace of Presburg, 12. General effervescence in Germany in aid of the Austrian cause, 13. Character of Metternich, the Austrian ambassador at Paris, 49. Great results of these actions, 45. In which the Austrian horse are at length overthrown,. 46. The Archduke retreats across the Danube, and Ratisbon is taken by the 47. Operations against Ratisbon by the French, and wound of Napoleon, 50. The indefatigable activity of Napoleon and his soldiers was the principal ib. HISTORY OF EUROPE. CHAPTER XLIX. ADMINISTRATION OF MARQUESS WELLESLEY, AND FIRST XLIX. 1769. quess Wel ARTHUR WELLESLEY, afterwards Duke of WELLING CHAP. TON, was born in Merion Street, Dublin, in the parish of St Peter's, where his birth is registered, on the 1st May 1. 1769. He was the fourth son of Garret, second Earl of Birth of Wellington Mornington, and was descended by the mother's side and Marfrom the Dungannon family, his mother having been lesley. Anne, eldest daughter of Viscount Dungannon. His father was a man of polished manners and kind and hospitable disposition, but not distinguished by any remarkable abilities, except a marked genius for music. His mother was a woman of uncommon vigour of mind, so that he forms, with Sir Walter Scott, Napoleon, Chateaubriand, Schiller, Goethe, and nearly all the illustrious persons of the last age, another instance among the many which experience must probably have furnished to every observer, that the sons of a family, at least in general, take their intellectual character from the mother's side. The Wellesleys were an old Saxon family long settled in Sussex, and the ancestor of the Irish branch had come over with Henry II. in 1172, to whom he was standard-bearer, and from whose gratitude VOL. VIII. A |