History of Europe from the Commencement of the French Revolution to the Restoration of the Bourbons in 1815, Volume 8

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W. Blackwood, 1860

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Great difficulties with which he had to contend in that capacity
9
Admirable ability and skill with which he overcame them
10
Character of Marquess Wellesley
11
Character of his Indian administration
13
Statesmanlike wisdom by which it was characterised
14
Character of Lord Melville
15
His great abilities and vast information on Indian affairs
16
sity of war
17
diate hostilities
18
Rapid effect of Lord Wellesleys administration in improving affairs
19
Austrian plan of the campaign
20
Successful reduction of the French subsidiary forces at Hyderabad
21
Its great effects in India
22
Wellesley collects an army for the attack of Mysore
23
Tippoos means of defence
24
Progress of General Harriss army
25
Harris
27
A nocturnal attack under Colonel Wellesley is repulsed
28
Assault of Seringapatam
29
Difficulty of keeping any considerable force together in the interior
30
Desperate defence of the mosque
31
Death of Tippoo and his character
32
Immense importance of the blow thus struck
33
Appointment of Colonel Wellesley as governor of Seringapatam
34
Judicious arrangements consequent on the fall of Mysore
35
Alleged priority of the determination to despoil Denmark to the treaty
36
Rise and power of Doondiah Waugh
37
His pursuit and overthrow by Colonel Wellesley
38
Assumption of the government of the Carnatic
39
Alliances with the Nizam and the Rajah of Tanjore
40
Character and situation of the Rajah of Berar and of Scindiah
41
And of Holkar
42
Reasons for a Mahratta war Perrons French force
43
The Peishwa at length joins the British alliance
44
Collection of forces and delivery of Poonah by Colonel Wellesley
45
Negotiations with Scindiah and the Rajah of Berar
46
War is at length declared 48 Early history of Lord Lake 49 His character
47
VOL VIII
49
And offers battle which is declined
50
Defeat of Perrons force and storming of Allighur 56
51
Battle of Delhi Lord Lakes strong opinion of the necessity of European troops in India note
52
Alliance with the Mogul emperor and surrender of the French chiefs
53
Battle and fall of Agra
54
Battle of Laswaree
55
Desperate action which ensued
56
Final victory of the English
57
Conquest of the Cuttack
58
Operations in the Deccan under General Wellesley
59
Movements which led to the battle of Assaye
60
Danger of the British
61
Battle of Assaye
62
Imminent danger and ultimate victory of the English
63
Results of the battle
64
Operations after the battle of Assaye
65
Battle of Argaum
66
Siege and capture of Gawilghur
67
These disasters compel the confederates to sue for peace Its terms
68
Reflections on this unparalleled chain of fraud 388
86
Glorious victory of the British
87
Pursuit of Holkar to Furruckabad
88
Surprising nightmarch of the British and defeat of Holkar
89
Siege and capture of Dieg
90
Siege and unsuccessful assault of Bhurtpore
91
Repeated assaults on Bhurtpore which are repulsed
92
Final defeat of the British
93
Reasons on both sides for an accommodation with the Rajah of Bhurtpore
94
Peace with the Rajah of Bhurtpore
95
Holkar joins Scindiah being expelled from Bhurtpore
96
Operations in the Cuttack Bundelcund and against Meer Khan
97
Despotic power has ever since been established in France 219
98
Operations against Scindiah who sues for peace and Lord Wellesley returns to England 86
99
Terms of peace with Scindiah and Holkar
100
Review of Lord Wellesleys administration
101
Vast extension he gave to the British empire in the East
103
Return of Wellington to Europe
104
Proportion of Europeans to Asiatics in the armies of Alexander the Great
105
Subsequent confirmation of the same principles
107
Analogy between the British empire in India and Napoleons in Europe
108
Causes of this extraordinary progress
109
It was owing to the union of democratic energy with aristocratic foresight
112
Causes of this extraordinary combination
113
Causes which will eventually subvert our Eastern empire
114
Great and lasting benefits it has already produced in human affairs
115
CHAPTER L
117
Plan of uniting all Europe in the Continental System
118
And getting hold of and concentrating their fleets in the French and Flemish harbours
119
Object of the Berlin Decree
120
Berlin Decree of 21st November
122
Orders for its rigorous execution and its evasion in Holland
125
Its rigorous execution in the north of Germany
127
First Order in Council by the British government
128
Reasons which led to a farther and more rigorous measure
129
Orders in Council of 11th November
130
Import of these Orders
131
Milan Decree 17th December 1807 issued by Napoleon
132
Special injury inflicted by them on America
133
Their general injustice
134
Their reaction upon England herself
135
Reply of the supporters of the Orders in both Houses
136
Able note of Lord Howick on this subject to the Danish minister note
137
The terms of the Berlin decree
138
The French possessed of no blockading force ib 21 Acquiescence of the neutrals in the Berlin decree
139
Napoleons policy in his decrees
140
Reflections on this debate and on the justice of the Orders in Council
141
Which party was the aggressor?
142
Comparative blame attaching to each party
143
Reflections on the policy of the Orders in Council
144
Jesuits Bark Bill in England
145
Vast ultimate effects of the Continental System
146
Introduction of the system of licenses
147
Evasion of the decrees on both sides by the vast extension of this system
148
Great effects of this system in opening up new markets for British industry
150
Universal joy at Napoleons return to Paris
151
Slavish adulation of the orators in the Senate and Chamber of Deputies
152
Great fête in honour of the Grand Army
153
Suppression of the French Tribunate
154
Reasons of Napoleon for that step
155
Slavish submission with which this change was received in France
156
Servile adulation with which the change was received in the Tribunate
157
Establishment of a censorship of the press
159
Entire prostration of literature and the press ib Identity of the imperial despotism of Napoleon and the democratic tyranny of America note
160
Banishment of Madame de Stael
163
The judges are rendered removable at pleasure
164
Severe decrees against any connivance at English commerce ib 45 Universal thirst for public employment in France
165
Rapid progress of the system of centralisation in France
167
Centralisation of all power in the imperial government ib 48 Policy of the Emperor as regards this
169
He reestablishes titles of honour Principles on which this was founded
170
Reestablishment of hereditary titles of honour
172
Speeches on the subject in the legislative body
173
Endowment of the new peers with revenues from foreign states
174
System of fusion of the ancient and modern noblesse which Napoleon pursued
177
Readiness with which the old nobles entered into these views
178
Great discontent of the French republicans at the institution of titles of honour
179
Objections felt against it by the republican party
180
58
181
59
182
60
183
note ib 61
184
62
186
63
187
64
188
66
189
note
190
67
192
68
193
ib 69
194
71
195
72
196
Pecuniary embarrassments of the government on the conclusion of the war 73
199
Commencement of the war with Holkar 72 Holkars strength and its causes Defeat and capture of Mohammed Beg Its arduous character 75
200
Constitution of the imperial university
202
Khan
205
Its causes Greater violence and injustice of the French convulsion
208
The democratic party when in power support every abuse because they
214
and its triumph in France
220
CHAPTER LI
222
General feeling of despondence which prevailed in Great Britain
224
Constitution for the Grandduchy of Warsaw
225
Constitution of the kingdom of Westphalia
226
Oppressive military government of the Confederation of the Rhine and Hanse Towns
228
Fresh requisitions imposed on Prussia and limitation of its regular forces
230
Wise internal measures adopted by the Prussian government
231
Situation statistics and power of Austria
241
She joins the Continental System and obtains the evacuation of Braunau
242
Affairs of Sweden The Swedes are shut up in Stralsund
243
Siege of Stralsund
244
Its fall
245
Capture of the islands of Danholm and Rugen
246
Reasons which led to the Copenhagen expedition ib 24 Uniform hostility of Denmark to Great Britain
248
Resolution of the British cabinet ib 26 Equipment and departure of the expedition
249
Ineffectual negotiation with Denmark
251
Siege of Copenhagen Action of Sir Arthur Wellesley
252
Proclamation of Lord Cathcart on landing in Zealand note ib Answer of the Prince Royal of Denmark note
253
Bombardment of Copenhagen
255
Great sensation excited in Europe by this expedition
256
Justification of it soon afforded by Napoleon ib 33 General feeling in England on the subject
258
Arguments in parliament against the Copenhagen expedition
259
Argument against its necessity
260
note
268
Alienation of the Turks from the French
274
Reflections on the imminent hazard to Europe from the treaty of Tilsit
280
Premature proclamation by the Prince of the Peace
293
the Queen
299
Sketch of the life of the Prince of the Peace note
300
The Prince of Asturias and Escoiquiz his confidential adviser
301
Escoiquiz opens a negotiation with the French ambassador and the Prince of Asturias writes to Napoleon
302
Treaty of Fontainebleau between Napoleon and Charles IV
304
Which is ratified by Napoleon
305
Convention of Fontainebleau
306
Napoleons perfidious designs both towards Spain and the Prince of the Peace in this treaty
307
His secret instructions to Junot in his invasion of Portugal
308
Extraordinary difficulties of his march through Portugal
310
Conduct of the Portuguese government and situation of Lisbon at this crisis
311
Hesitation of the court and Prince Regent
313
The abandonment of Portugal at last resolved on ib 22 Embarkation of the royal family for Brazil
314
Universal grief with which it was attended
315
Arrival of the French at Lisbon
317
enormous contributions levied by the troops
318
Complete occupation of the kingdom by the French and despair of the inhabitants
321
Arrest of Ferdinand and seizure of his papers
322
Contents of the more important ones
323
Proclamation of the King on the subject and correspondence with Napoleon
324
Cautious conduct of the latter on reading it
325
Entrance of the French troops into Spain
327
The Prince of the Peace does not venture to remonstrate against this in vasion
329
Plan of the campaign against Holkar Its errors and early disasters 74 Holkars able conduct Defeat of Colonel Fawcett in Bundelcund 75 Advance of C...
331
And of Figueras and San Sebastian
332
Napoleon improves his success and covers the north of Spain with troops
333
The Prince of the Peace begins to see through the real designs of Napoleon
335
His secret despatch to Isquierdo at this period note ib Napoleon demands the cession of the provinces to the north of the Ebro note
336
He prepares the flight of the court to Seville
337
Tumult at Aranjuez
338
Overthrow of the Prince of the Peace
339
79
342
Abdication of Charles IV 311
355
sular affairs
358
Commotion at Madrid on 2d May
364
Ferdinand arrives at Bayonne and is kindly received by Napoleon
370
Reply of Napoleon
376
80
382
Desperate action on the Bannas river 81
383
Dreadful disasters of the close of the retreat 82
384
Alarming fermentation through the whole of India 83
385
Advance of Holkar to Delhi 85 81 His repulse and retreat 86
388
His perfidious conduct towards the Spanish princes
389
And atrocious treachery at Bayonne by which the whole was concluded
390
Ultimate consequences of this atrocious conduct to Napoleon and his house
391
Its apparent wisdom so far as human policy is concerned
393
And the ultimate punishment it brought about ib 92 The passions of the Revolution were the real causes of the disasters both of Europe and France
394
CHAPTER LIII
396
Uniform and singular character of its guerilla warfare
397
Physical conformation of the country which has led to these effects
398
General character of the Peninsula
399
Statistics of Spain and its leading features
400
Great mountainranges of Spain and Portugal
401
Those in the south of Spain
402
Extraordinary resolution with which in every age the Spaniards have defended their cities
403
Peculiarities in the civil history of the Peninsula which have rendered it a divided community
404
It has never been thoroughly amalgamated
405
Effect of these circumstances in promoting the means of internal and separate defence
406
Corruption of the nobility and extent to which entails were carried
407
State of the peasantry
408
Statistical details on this subject
409
The church its influence and character ib 16 Its immense usefulness to the people
410
Its great influence in the Spanish contest
411
Spain was still unexhausted by revolutionary passions
412
Composition and character of the French army at this period
414
Their discipline equipment and efficiency
415
Force and character of the British army
416
Spirit with which it was animated and regarded by the people
417
Character and qualities of the British soldiers
418
Parallel between the British and French troops
419
Important effect of the British officers being exclusively taken from the higher ranks
420
The English soldiers were contented with their lot
421
Which arose from the selfrespect of all classes
422
Severe discipline Corporal punishments which still subsisted ib 29 Physical comforts of the British soldiers
423
General Foys graphic contrast of the English and French soldiers and officers note
424
Fortunate position of the British troops
426
Vigorous efforts at first made for carrying on the contest
432
Fortunate overthrow of the extreme democrats
438
General recognition of Joseph by the Spanish Notables
444
Memorable answer of the Bishop of Orense to his summons to Bayonne note
450
Consistence of these views with the true principles of freedom
456
Desperate assault of the town
468
Description of Valencia and preparations for its defence
474
Movements on both sides preparatory to a battle
480
Accumulation of forces round the invaders
487
Movements which led to the battle of Baylen
493
Shameful violation of the capitulation by the Spaniards
500
Universal spread of the insurrection
506
Campaign in Catalonia
507
Defeat of an attempt by the French against Gerona
508
Expedition against Rosas which is defeated
509
Unsuccessful siege of Gerona
510
The siege is raised by the Spaniards from Tarragona ib 50 Universal transports in the Peninsula Entry of the Spanish troops into the capital
512
Neglect of any efficient measures in the general exultation ib 52 Affairs of Portugal and disarming of the Spanish troops in that country
513
Progress of the insurrection
516
The English cabinet resolve on sending succours to Portugal
517
Strange substitution of successive commanders to the British expedition
518
Landing of the army
519
March of the British troops to Roliça
522
Advance of the British to attack the French there
523
Victory of the British
524
The British advance to Vimeira
526
Sir A Wellesleys plans are overruled by Sir H Burrard
527
Description of the field of battle of Vimeira
528
Positions taken up by the two armies ib 68 Battle of Vimeira
529
Desperate conflict on the left
530
Defeat of the French
531
Sir A Wellesley proposes to follow up the victory
532
Battle of Dieg
533
An armistice is concluded
535
Reasons which led to an armistice on both sides ib 75 Convention of Cintra
537
A court of inquiry is held and its results
538
Expedience of the convention at that juncture
540
Napoleons views on that subject
541
Disgraceful revelations which are made at Lisbon of the plunder by all ranks in the French army
542
Enormous extent of the plunder the French superior officers endeavoured to carry off
543
Great part of the plunder is wrested from the French
544
The British troops are placed under the command of Sir John Moore
545
Strength of the united British forces and their advance into Spain
546
Great difficulty in forming a central junta at Madrid
547
Appointment of a central junta at Madrid
548
Miserable condition of the central government and the armies on the Ebro
549
The Marquis Romana obtains information of what is going on in Spain
551
Escape of the Marquis and his troops
552
Extraordinary scene at the embarkation of the troops
553
Treaty with Prussia and Murat declared King of Naples
570
Movements on the French right before the arrival of Napoleon
576
Movement against Castanos and Palafox
583
Prodigious agitation at Madrid
589
Positions of the French corps in the end of December
595
This movement instantly paralyses the farther advance of the French
601
Horror excited by the appearance of the army on its return
621
It was public opinion which was really to blame
627
CHAPTER LVI
633
Measures of the Portuguese government and origin of the Spanish
637
Intelligence of the preparations of Austria induces Napoleon to halt in Spain
639
Commencement of hostilities by the Austrians
657
The advance of the Austrians almost cuts in two the French army
663
Hiller pursued to Landshut by Napoleon
672
Preparatory movements on both sides
678
Successful operations of the Archduke John in Italy
692

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Pagina 601 - I hope the people of England will be satisfied!" "I hope my country will do me justice!
Pagina 601 - NOT a drum was heard, not a funeral note, As his corse to the rampart we hurried ; Not a soldier discharged his farewell shot O'er the grave where our hero we buried.
Pagina 600 - It is as well as it is. I had rather it should go out of the field with me;" — and in that manner, so becoming to a soldier, Moore was borne from the fight.
Pagina 601 - Few and short were the prayers we said, And we spoke not a word of sorrow ; But we steadfastly gazed on the face that was dead, And we bitterly thought of the morrow.
Pagina 128 - ... any vessel, or the cargo of any vessel, belonging to any country not declared by this order to be subjected to the restrictions incident to a state of blockade...
Pagina 146 - If ever the free institutions of America are destroyed, that event may be attributed to the unlimited authority of the majority, which may at some future time urge the minorities to desperation, and oblige them to have recourse to physical force. Anarchy will then be the result, but it will have been brought about by despotism.
Pagina 129 - And whereas countries not engaged in the war, have acquiesced in the orders of France prohibiting all trade in any articles the produce or manufacture of his Majesty's dominions; and the merchants of those countries have given countenance and effect to those prohibitions, by accepting from persons...
Pagina 128 - ... all trade in articles which are of the produce or manufacture of the said countries or colonies, shall be deemed and considered to be unlawful; and that every vessel trading from or to the said countries or colonies, together with all goods and merchandise on board, and all articles of the produce or manufacture of the said countries or colonies, shall be captured and condemned as prize to the captors.
Pagina 503 - For this plain reason,' was the answer, ' I am nimmukwaUah, as we say in the East; that is, I have ate of the King's salt, and, therefore, I conceive it to be my duty to serve with unhesitating zeal and cheerfulness, when and wherever the King or his government may think proper to employ me.
Pagina 195 - Content thyself to be obscurely good. When vice prevails, and impious men bear sway, The post of honour is a private station.

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