adflixissent opes hostium, ut diu nihil inde rebellionis timere possent, triumphantes Romam redierunt.

7 P. Valerius, omnium consensu princeps belli pacisque artibus, anno post Agrippa Menenio P. Postumio consulibus moritur, gloria ingenti, copiis familiaribus adeo exiguis, ut funeri sumptus deesset: de publico est datus. 8 Luxere matronae ut Brutum. Eodem anno duae coloniae Latinae, Pometia et Cora, ad Auruncos deficiunt. Cum Auruncis bellum initum; fusoque ingenti exercitu, qui se ingredientibus fines consulibus ferociter obtulerat, 9 omne Auruncum bellum Pometiam compulsum est. Nec magis post proelium quam in proelio caedibus temperatum est et caesi aliquanto plures erant quam capti et captos passim trucidaverunt; ne ab obsidibus quidem, qui trecenti accepti numero erant, ira belli abstinuit. Et hoc anno Romae triumphatum.

17

Secuti consules Opiter Verginius Sp. Cassius Pometiam primo vi, deinde vineis aliisque operibus oppugna

turing their soldiers in actual com-
bat. Both of these are included in
opes,
which embraces all their means
of making war. — inde, from that
quarter. - triumphantes: cf. 16. 1.
DEATH OF VALERIUS. WAR WITH
THE AURUNCI.

7. Agrippa, etc.: a mere date, for which purpose the names of consuls were used, so that the words are in a kind of apposition with anno. Menenio: Livy constantly varies the old established order of names, the prænomen first, then the gentile name, and finally the family name, and in time the order was generally neglected. gloria: the construction wavers between an ablative of quality and one of manner, a confusion which suggests a possible origin for the ablative of quality. — de publico:

runt. In quos Aurunci magis iam inexpiabili odio quam 2 spe aliqua aut occasione coorti cum plures igni quam ferro armati excucurrissent, caede incendioque cuncta complent. Vineis incensis, multis hostium vulneratis 3 et occisis, consulum quoque alterum ceterum nomen auctores non adiciunt — gravi vulnere ex equo deiectum prope interfecerunt. Romam inde male gesta re redi- 4 tum. Inter multos saucios consul spe incerta vitae relatus. Interiecto deinde haud magno spatio, quod vulneribus curandis supplendoque exercitui satis esset, cum ira maiore bellum tum viribus etiam auctis Pometiae arma inlata. Et cum vineis refectis aliaque mole 5 belli iam in eo esset ut in muros evaderet miles, deditio est facta. Ceterum nihilo minus foeda dedita urbe 6 quam si capta foret Aurunci passi: principes securi percussi, sub corona venierunt coloni alii; oppidum

lent to the consuls of the next year!'-vi, etc. cf. I. 57. 3.

2. in quos: referring to consules, but including, of course, the whole force. iam: i.e. the time had gone by for any hope of successful resistance, and nothing remained but to satisfy their hatred. — aliqua: one would expect ulla, the negative pronoun, on account of the negative force of magis quam, but aliquis is often thus used; cf. 2. 2, aliquid; see Gr. 202. b and c. - cuncta complent, spread everywhere.

to viribus, the actual means of fighting.

5. in eo esset, etc., the soldiers were on the point, etc.; an impersonal construction with the result clause, which may be looked upon as its subject, though ut has eo for its antecedent. evaderet: i.e. from the agger, or the towers, raised as high as the top of the walls.

6. foeda, a horrible fate. — dedita, etc., though they had surrendered, etc. - Aurunci: this must refer chiefly to the people of Pometia and Cora. - principes, etc.: this may be merely a repetition of the story in 16. 9, but Livy evidently takes it as a different one. - sub corona: cf. Aul. Gell. VI. 4, antiquitus mancipia iure belli capta coronis induta veniebant et idcirco dicebantur 'sub corona' venire.- coloni alii: Livy apparently treats all the inhabitants as if they were colonists.

7 dirutum, ager veniit. ultas quam ob magnitudinem perfecti belli triumpharunt. 18 Insequens annus Postumum Cominium et T. Larcium 2 consules habuit. Eo anno Romae cum per ludos ab Sabinorum iuventute per lasciviam scorta raperentur, concursu hominum rixa ac prope proelium fuit, parvaque ex re ad rebellionem spectare res videbatur supra 3 belli Latini metum. Id quoque accesserat, quod tri

Consules magis ob iras graviter

ginta iam coniurasse populos concitante Octavio Ma4 milio satis constabat. In hac tantarum exspectatione rerum sollicita civitate dictatoris primum creandi mentio orta.

Sed nec quo anno nec quibus consulibus, quia ex factione Tarquiniana essent—id quoque enim traditur—, parum creditum sit, nec quis primum dictator 5 creatus sit, satis constat. Apud veterrimos tamen auctores T. Larcium dictatorem primum, Sp. Cassium magistrum equitum creatos invenio. Consulares legere:

whole Latin league was aroused. Mamilio: cf. I. 49. 9.

4. sed nec, etc.: i.e. the occasion is clear, but the year is not recorded. quibus consulibus: although different in case, this expression would ordinarily be equivalent to quo anno, but here the personal character of the consuls, as insufficient to cope with the difficulties of the situation, or not trustworthy on account of their political tendencies, makes it necessary to use both expressions; and the narrative is made lively by putting the words in the dative. - constat : i.e. various persons are named by different authorities; see the argument below.

5. veterrimos: these are Fabius Pictor and Piso.-Sp. Cassium : cf. 17. I. consulares: object. — legere: the subject seems to be in

ita lex iubebat de dictatore creando lata. Eo magis 6 adducor ut credam Larcium, qui consularis erat, potius quam M'. Valerium M. filium Volesi nepotem, qui nondum consul fuerat, moderatorem et magistrum consulibus appositum : quin, si maxime ex ea familia legi dic- 7 tatorem vellent, patrem multo potius M. Valerium spectatae virtutis et consularem virum legissent.

Creato dictatore primum Romae postquam praeferri 8 secures viderunt, magnus plebem metus incessit, ut intentiores essent ad dicto parendum. Neque enim ut in consulibus, qui pari potestate essent, alterius auxilium, neque provocatio erat, neque ullum usquam nisi in cura parendi auxilium. Sabinis etiam creatus Romae dicta- 9 tor eo magis, quod propter se creatum crediderant, metum incussit. Itaque legatos de pace mittunt. Qui- 10 bus orantibus dictatorem senatumque ut veniam erroris hominibus adulescentibus darent, responsum ignosci adulescentibus posse, senibus non posse, qui bella ex bellis sererent. Actum tamen est de pace; impetrata- II que foret, si quod impensae factum in bellum erat, praestare Sabini-id enim postulatum erat - in animum

Livy's mind the senate. -ita: i.e. that only ex-consuls should be chosen. creando: used commonly of a popular election; the regular word for the dictator is dicere, said of the consul.

6. moderatorem, etc.: by giving the description instead of the mere name, the improbability of a young man's being chosen is brought out.

7. si maxime: like our 'if ever so much'; i.e. if, as the historian (probably Valerius Antias; see Intr. 6) says, they must have one of that family, the one named cannot be the one.- vellent: for its subject, cf. legere, 5; for mood and

ΙΟ

19

induxissent. Bellum indictum; tacitae indutiae quie

tum annum tenuere.

Consules Servius Sulpicius Manius Tullius; nihil dignum memoria actum; T. Aebutius deinde et C. Ve2 tusius. His consulibus Fidenae obsessae, Crustumeria capta, Praeneste ab Latinis ad Romanos descivit. Nec ultra bellum Latinum gliscens iam per aliquot annos 3 dilatum. Aulus Postumius dictator Titus Aebutius magister equitum magnis copiis peditum equitumque profecti ad lacum Regillum in agro Tusculano agmini 4 hostium occurrerunt; et quia Tarquinios esse in exercitu Latinorum auditum est, sustineri ira non potuit 5 quin extemplo confligerent. Ergo etiam proelium aliquanto quam cetera gravius atque atrocius fuit. Non enim duces ad regendam modo consilio rem adfuere, sed suismet ipsi corporibus dimicantes miscuere certamina. Nec quisquam procerum ferme hac aut illa ex acie sine vulnere praeter dictatorem Romanum excessit. 6 In Postumium prima in acie suos adhortantem instruentemque Tarquinius Superbus, quamquam iam aetate et viribus erat gravior, equum infestus admisit, ictusque

Latins, whose discontent had been brewing ever since the weakening of the Romans after the expulsion of the Tarquins, must be met and conquered.

3. lacum Regillum: this locality, famous in song and story, must have been near Tusculum, perhaps a dozen miles from Rome, but can no longer be recognized, the lake having in course of time dried up.

4. Tarquinios esse: cf. 21. 5.

5. etiam: i.e. not only were they impatient to engage, but the battle itself was fiercer. non enim, etc.: the famous battle had been worked over by poets and historians, till it