Fundamentals of Limnology

acid alkaline allochthonous alpine lakes amounts animals aquatic assimilation Aufwuchs bacteria basin bicarbonate biocoenose biotope body of water bottom calcium calcium carbonate carbon dioxide cent chemical chemosynthesis CO₂ colour composition considerable curve Daphnia decomposition decrease density depth determined diatoms dissolved eddy diffusion Einsele epilimnion equilibrium eutrophic lakes example factor Figure forms gradient greater heat hence hydrogen hypolimnion important increase influence inorganic investigations ions iron larvae layer light limnology litre littoral Lunzer Untersee materials maximum meromictic metabolism metalimnion metres movements nitrogen nutrients Obersee occur oligotrophic lakes ooze organic matter oxidation oxygen oxygen content particles phosphorus photosynthesis phytoplankton plankton plants precipitation processes production production biology quantity radiation region respiration result rotifers Ruttner salt content sediments seiches shore solution species spring strata stratification substances substrate sulphur summer surface temperature thermal thermocline tion tropical lakes turbulence upper vertical distribution water mass zone zooplankton