PHYSICAL GEOLOGY AND MINERALOGY. The Board of Examiners. 1. What are the facts which lead to the conclusion that the interior of the earth is in a state of intense heat? What are the facts which lead to the conclusion that, notwithstanding this, the interior is not mainly in a molten condition? How do you reconcile the two conclusions? 2. Supposing a smart shock of earthquake to occur under the sea in the middle of Bass' Straits, enumerate in exact order the phenomena you would expect to observe on the Victorian coast. What 3. Give a rough plan and section of a typical active volcano, shewing both its internal structure and the general outward form of its crater. peculiarity is there in the distribution of our extinct volcanoes and points of eruption in Victoria as contrasted with those in other parts of the world? 4. Explain and contrast the different views of Darwin and Murray as to the origin and mode of formation of Atolls. 5. Briefly define and explain the origin of the following:-Erratic blocks, perched blocks, roches moutonnées, kames or escars, and lateral, median, and terminal moraines. 6. Advance as many examples as you can of aqueous or sedimentary strata that have been (a) chemically derived, (b) organically derived, giving a brief note as to composition, structure, and exact mode of origin in each case. 7. What do you understand by "Slickensides?" How are they caused? With what other phenomena are they liable to be confounded, and how would you distinguish between the two? 8. Classify (a) according to percentage of silica, (b) according to relative position in regard to aqueous strata, the following igneous rocks, viz.:Andesite, basalt, diabase, diorite, felsite, gabbro, granite, melaphyre, obsidian, porphyrite, rhyolite, syenite, tachylite, and trachyte. 9. Enumerate the chief optical and physical characters dealt with in the determination of minerals. 10. Give the names, chemical composition, and crystalline form of six common rock-forming minerals. STRATIGRAPHICAL GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY. The Board of Examiners. 1. Arrange the following sub-formations of the Tertiary (English or Continental) in the order of superposition:-Argile Plastique, Barton Clay, Bembridge beds, Bracclesham beds, Calcaire 2. Give as many examples of Concretions and Concretionary structure in rocks of Cainozoic and Mesozoic age as you can. 3. What formation of the Mesozoic series in England is remarkable for containing an abundance of alum, and how is its presence usually accounted for? 4. Describe the chief genera of Vertebrata that characterize the Pliocene formations in Australia and New Zealand respectively. 5. What is the respective geological position of the following genera :-Dinotherium, Mastodon, Dicynodon, Labyrinthodon, Plesiosaurus, Lepidotus, Dapedius, Ptycodus, Plagiaulax? 6. Name and describe the fossil plants that would enable you to distinguish Mesozoic coal beds from Palæozoic. 7. Name some characteristic fossils of (a) Upper Chalk; (b) Lower Green Sand; (c) Portland Stone; (d) Bradford Clay; (e) Muschelkalk. 8. How would you recognize teeth of the following genera:-Iguanodon, Megalosaurus, Icthyosaurus, Pliosaurus, and Cheirotherium. Illustrate your answer by rough sketches of the teeth in outline and in section. 9. By what Palæontological characters have the lower jawbones of Amphitherium and Phascolotherium of the Stonesfield slate been determined to be (a) Mammalian and not Reptilian; (b) Marsupial, as distinguished from other mammals? 10. Name and describe some Brachiopods that appear for the last time in ascending order in the Marlstone or Middle Lias. DEDUCTIVE LOGIC. The Board of Examiners. 1. Explain the distinctions of (a) contrary, contradictory, and indefinite (or infinite) terms; (b) contrary, contradictory, and indefinite propositions. 2. Explain the distinction of Real and Verbal propositions. State whether the following propositions are real or verbal, giving your reasons in each case: (a) All men are mortal. (b) A man's a man. (c) Mr. Gladstone is a man. (d) Melbourne is the chief city of Victoria. 3. Investigate the Opposition of Conditional and of Disjunctive propositions. 4. Investigate the relations of the Primary Laws of Thought, the Dictum de omni et nullo, and the Rules of the Syllogism. 5. Explain the characters and uses of the different Figures of the Syllogism. 6. What is meant by (a) an Enthymeme; (b) a Dilemma? Give examples of the different kinds of each. 7. Explain the expressions-ignoratio elenchi, argumentum ad hominem, circulus in probando, non sequitur. 8. Examine the following arguments, stating them in syllogistic form, and pointing out fallacies (if any):— (a) But Brutus says he was ambitious, And Brutus is an honorable man. (b) You say that you can trust the people; then why do you oppose manhood suffrage ? (c) If the end of all our conduct be happiness, that cannot be true happiness which we do not all seek. (d) The price of wheat is high whenever prospects of harvest are unfavourable; and since the price of wheat is now high, we may infer that the prospects of harvest are unfavourable. 9. Among the members of a certain club there are none who are both actors and graduates, but every member who is not a graduate is a member of a profession but is not a civil servant. Find the classes of members, regarded as possessing or not possessing the qualifications of actor, graduate, member of a profession, civil servant. |