8. Mention some differences between German and English in the use of the article. (This question need not be answered at great length.) 9. Form sentences showing the force of the particles auch, eben, noch. CHEMISTRY. The Board of Examiners. 1. State and explain Gay-Lussac's laws of volume. Describe two or three illustrative cases. 2. Fluorine and chlorine are said to belong to the same natural group of elements. reasons as fully as you can. Why? Give the Mention some of the more striking dissimilarities between these two elements. 3. What do you understand by the term double decomposition? Describe this mode of action as fully as you can, and cite characteristic examples. 4. Give the names, formulæ, and chief characters of the oxides of each of the following elements: (1) Copper; (2) tin; (3) arsenic; (4) chromium; (5) manganese. 5. By what characteristic properties can each of the following gases be distinguished from others ?— (1) Acetylene; (2) ethylene; (3) marsh gas; (4) carbon monoxide; (5) carbon dioxide? 6. Calculate (1) how much weight of each of the gases mentioned in question 5 contains 50 grammes of carbon; (2) how many litres of each of them would yield 10 litres of gas (hydrogen or oxygen) if decomposed into its elements. PHYSICS. The Board of Examiners. 1. Define the term "Moment." What physical quantities besides forces can be said to have a moment with respect to a fixed point? 2. What is the scientific standard of Time, and how is it determined? 3. Find (either algebraically or geometrically) the Centre of Gravity of a quadrilateral figure three of whose sides are of equal length, and the fourth double that length and parallel to the opposite side. 4. A volume of air enclosed in a flask at 12° centigrade has a pressure of 750 millimetres: at 31° its pressure is 800 millimetres. Calculate its coefficient of expansion at constant pressure, neglecting the expansion of the flask. 5. What is meant by the Efficiency of— (a) A simple machine. (b) A steam-engine (boiler omitted). How would you measure the efficiency of a steam-engine? 6. Describe the construction and mode of employment of the Torsion Balance. 7. What do you understand by Magnetic Induction ? Prove that energy is stored up when steel is magnetized. Where does this energy come from? 8. What is an Astatic Galvanometer? Why is one magnet of an astatic galvanometer put inside the coil and the other outside? Is there any better arrangement? PHYSIOLOGY. The Board of Examiners. 1. What are the respiratory movements, and what are their causes ? 2. In what respect should the diet of (a) a labourer, (b) a professional man, (c) a child, and (d) an old man differ, and why? 3. Give an account of the minute structure of the skin, with its appendages, hair, teeth, and nails. 4. Give any examples of mental delusions, and explain them. 5. Contrast respiration of Amphibia at different stages of development. BOTANY. The Board of Examiners. All answers must be illustrated by rough sketches. 1. Describe carefully the structures seen in a longitudinal section of the stem of a dicotyledonous plant, stating the functions performed by the different parts. 2. Describe the structure and life history of Protococcus. In what important points does it differ in structure from yeast, and compare the methods of nutrition of the two forms. 3. Name the orders to which the following plants belong, and give their characteristic features: Wallflower, Eucalypt, Pine, Epacris, Butter cup. 4. Describe the reproduction of (1) Bacillus, (2) Pteris, (3) a Phanerogam. What do you understand by the term "alternation of generations." 5. What functions are performed respectively by roots and leaves? Describe the structures seen when the terminal portion of a root is cut in longitudinal section and when a transverse section is cut across the leaf of a plant such as a gum tree. |