A Competitive Assessment of the U.S. Ball and Roller Bearings Industry, Volume 61

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International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, 1985 - 76 pagine
 

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Pagina 60 - Department has recently concluded an investigation under section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 to determine whether crude oil products are entering the United States in such quantities or circumstances as to threaten to impair the national security.
Pagina 44 - TABLE 19 ANNUAL PERCENT CHANGES IN MANUFACTURING PRODUCTIVITY, 1960-1981 SOURCE: "International Trends in Productivity and Labor Costs" Monthly Labor Review, December 1982. Cost of Capital Central Reserve Bank discount rates to National Banks provide the best measure available of capital costs in the bearings-producing nations. These appear in Table 20. TABLE 20 CENTRAL BANK DISCOUNT RATES Treasury bill rates in the absence of discount rates. SOURCE: International Monetary Fund's International Financial...
Pagina 65 - ... imports showed an increase of 38.7 percent in 1978 over 1977. These shifts in import levels clearly indicate that the domestic industry received some relief during the period of increased tariff duties. General System of Preferences and Other Tariff Issues The Office of the US Trade Representative, in conjunction with interested Executive Branch agencies, administers the GSP Program in accordance with provisions of the Trade Act of 1974 and the Trade and Tariff Act of 1984. In 1975, USTR removed...
Pagina 48 - SOURCE: international Energy Prices, 1978-1982 Department of Energy * Data not available for Sweden and/or Japan 47 All of these cost factors, and others which account for smaller percentages of total manufacturing costs, along with the exchange rate, combine to make US bearings more expensive than those of US competitors and give the Japanese, in particular, a competitive advantage. TABLE 22 EXCHANGE RATES IN MAJOR BEARINGS PRODUCING COUNTRIES 1977-1983 SOURCE: International Financial Statistics,...
Pagina 41 - States, material costs, predominantly carbon and alloy stee1, represent about 39 percent of the value of industry shipments. Total employee payroll represents over a 28 percent share. In addition, continuing investments in plant and equipment and energy costs are important, each equaling about 5 percent of the bearings industry's value of shipments. Cost of Materials The rising cost of steel has become increasingly critical to the domestic industry. Both European and Japanese manufacturers enjoy...
Pagina 30 - ... 6.2 6.9 6.3 US Employment and Earnings Total employment in the bearing industry hit a peak of 61,400 in 1966 during the last years of the VIet Nam conflict. The most recent peak of 53,300 came in 1981 followed by an estimated drop of 20 percent to 42,800 in 1982, and a further drop of over 5 percent to 40,500 in 1983. The bearings industry is labor intensive, with payroll costs representing almost 27.9 percent of the value of shipments, compared to about 24.1 percent for all machinery manufacturing...
Pagina 68 - Overal1, the industry's profit position is generally better than other general and special machinery industries. Demand for ball and roller bearings in the US is expected to show little growth during the next several years. More modest sales to the automotive industry, the largest single bearings consumer, have offset the upswing in most industrial bearings consuming markets. No revolutionary future technological developments which would give the US industry a greater competitive edge are anticipated....
Pagina 45 - Manufacturers do have the option of buying imported steel, and some companies even make their own. However, quotas could adversely affect the competitive position of the US bearing industry in competition with foreign producers. The Central Bank Discount rate, a good measure of the relative rates at which money is loaned to manufacturers for capital improvements, is presently higher in the US than in any major foreign competitor country. US manufacturers face lower energy costs in general than their...
Pagina ix - Materials consumed by the industry, oredomlnantly alloy and carbon steel mill products, had a value of $'i.2 billion in 1982. The value added by manufacturers exceeded $2 billion. The US industry is subject to cyclical economic activity, particularly the cycles of major bearings markets such as automotive and industrial equipment products. In 1979, the US industry reached a peak, with employment of 53,300, constant dollar value of shipments of over $1.8 billion, and nominal dollar shipments of $3.4...
Pagina 41 - ... aircraft and space vehicles — which require components light in weight; in jet engines and rotating parts of furnaces and high temperature air blast devices — all requiring thermal resistance; and as bearings for machinery using no lubrication such as vacuum pumps. IV. ECONOMICS OF THE INDUSTRY Major Cost Components The prime cost components in the manufacture of bearings are materials and employment. In the United States, material costs, predominantly carbon and alloy steel, represent about...

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