and, I believe, by the American people generally. I pointed out that the United States Senate, by a resolution adopted with unanimity, had urged the restoration of German sovereignty so as to enable Germany to contribute to international peace and security.'

At Bonn we talked over all these matters. I feel confident that we can continue to count upon the Federal Republic of Germany to pursue policies of wisdom and moderation and not to close the door to the eventual realizing of the great vision of a united Europe.

At London I learned from Mr. Eden of the results of his recent trip to Brussels, Bonn, Rome, and Paris. I also informed him as to the views of the United States and the impressions which I had gained from my own visit to Bonn.

It is apparent, indeed it has long been apparent, that there is no adequate substitute for the European Defense Community. Nevertheless we must do the best that we can. Many minds are resourcefully studying what next steps are in order. We hope that sufficient preparatory work can be done during the coming week to justify a preliminary meeting of the Foreign Ministers of the countries principally concerned during the week following that.2

It would be a mistake to assume that any acceptable solution has been fully developed. It would be an even greater mistake to adopt a negative approach which would result in the disintegration of what has been built since the war out of the sacrifices, the efforts, the aspirations of many.

The United States is deeply concerned with the maintenance of peace and security on the European continent. European security is intimately connected with our own. We shall, therefore, continue our association with European planning to achieve those ends. There are many European leaders who retain hope of real achievement. They know that we will support them in their creative efforts.

16. FINAL ACT OF THE LONDON NINE-POWER CONFERENCE, OCTOBER 3, 19543

The Conference of the Nine Powers, Belgium, Canada, France, [the] German Federal Republic, Italy, Luxembourg, [the] Netherlands, [the] United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and [the] United States met in London from Tuesday September Twentyeighth to Sunday October Third. It dealt with the most important issues facing the Western world, security and European integration within the framework of a developing Atlantic community dedicated to peace and freedom. In this connexion the Conference considered how to assure the full association of the German Federal Republic with the West and the German defence contribution.

1 S. Res. 295, 83d Cong., 2d sess., approved July 30, 1954; infra, p. 1732. 2 This preliminary meeting was held in London, Sept. 28-Oct. 3, 1954, the Final Act of which is printed infra.

London and Paris Agreements, September-October 1954 (Department of State publication 5659; 1954), pp. 9-29.

Belgium was represented by His Excellency Monsieur P-H Spaak.
Canada was represented by the Honourable L. B. Pearson.

France was represented by His Excellency Monsieur P. MendèsFrance.

The Federal Republic of Germany was represented by His Excellency Dr. K. Adenauer.

Italy was represented by His Excellency Professor G. Martino. Luxembourg was represented by His Excellency Monsieur J. Bech. The Netherlands was represented by His Excellency J. W. Beyen. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland was represented by Rt. Hon. A. Eden, M. C., M. P.

The United States of America was represented by the Honourable J. F. Dulles.

All the decisions of the Conference formed part of one general settlement which is, directly or indirectly, of concern to all the NATO powers and which will therefore be submitted to the North Atlantic Council for information or decision.1

1. GERMANY

The Governments of France, the United Kingdom and the United States declare that their policy is to end the Occupation régime in the Federal Republic as soon as possible, to revoke the Occupation Statute and to abolish the Allied High Commission.3 The Three Governments will continue to discharge certain responsibilities in Germany arising out of the international situation.1

It is intended to conclude, and to bring into force as soon as the necessary parliamentary procedures have been completed, the appropriate instruments for these purposes. General agreement has already been reached on the content of these instruments and representatives of the Four Governments will meet in the very near future to complete the final tests. The agreed arrangements may be put into effect either before or simultaneously with the arrangements for the German defence contribution."

As these arrangements will take a little time to complete, the Three Governments have in the meantime issued the following Declaration of Intent:

Recognising that a great country can no longer be deprived of the rights properly belonging to a free and democratic people; and

1 The London Conference decisions were subsequently submitted to and approved by the North Atlantic Council at its Oct. 22, 1954, special meeting; see infra, pp. 1637-1639.

2 Occupation Statute of Apr. 8, 1949; A Decade of American Foreign Policy, pp. 586-588.

See the Charter of the Allied High Commission, June 20, 1949; ibid., pp. 603-609.

These responsibilities are listed in Section V of the Final Act.

The Foreign Ministers of the United States, the United Kingdom, France, and the Federal Republic of Germany subsequently met in Paris, Oct. 21-23, 1954; see supra, pp. 483-612.

The arrangements for the German defense contribution are contained in annex III to the Final Act.

Desiring to associate the Federal Republic of Germany on a footing of equality with their efforts for peace and security.

The Governments of France, the United Kingdom, the United States of America desire to end the Occupation régime as soon as possible.

The fulfilment of this policy calls for the settlement of problems of detail in order to liquidate the past and to prepare for the future, and requires the completion of appropriate Parliamentary procedures. In the meantime, the Three Governments are instructing their High Commissioners to act forthwith in accordance with the spirit of the above policy. In particular, the High Commissioners will not use the powers which are to be relinquished unless in agreement with the Federal Government, except in the fields of disarmament and demilitarisation and in cases where the Federal Government has not been able for legal reasons to take the action or assume the obligations contemplated in the agreed arrangement.

II. BRUSSELS TREATY

1

The Brussels Treaty will be strengthened and extended to make it a more effective focus of European integration.

For this purpose the following arrangements have been agreed

upon:

(a) The German Federal Republic and Italy will be invited to accede to the Treaty, suitably modified to emphasise the objec tive of European unity, and they have declared themselves ready to do so. The system of mutual automatic assistance in case of attack will thus be extended to the German Federal Republic and Italy.

(b) The structure of the Brussels Treaty will be re-inforced. In particular the Consultative Council provided in the Treaty will become a Council with powers of decision.

(c) The activities of the Brussels Treaty Organisation will be extended to include further important tasks as follows:

-The size and general characteristics of the German defence contribution will conform to the contribution fixed for EDC.3 -The maximum defence contribution to NATO of all members of the Brussels Treaty Organisation will be determined by a special agreement fixing levels which can only be increased by

unanimous consent.*

-The strength and armaments of the internal defence forces and the police on the Continent of the countries members of the Brussels Treaty Organisation will be fixed by agreements

1 Treaty of Mar. 17, 1948; supra, pp. 968-971.

2 This invitation was effected by a declaration of the Brussels Treaty powers issued Oct. 23, 1954; supra, p. 972.

The size of the defense contribution to be made by each member of the proposed European Defense Community was fixed by a Special Agreement of May

27, 1952, the text of which has not been made public.

4 See article 1 of Protocol No. II of Oct. 23, 1954, to the Brussels Treaty,

supra, p. 977.

within that Organisation having regard to their proper function and to existing levels and needs.1

The Brussels Treaty Powers agree to set up, as part of the Brussels Treaty Organisation, an Agency for the control of armaments on the Continent of Europe of the continental members of the Brussels Treaty Organisation. The detailed provisions are as follows.

1. The functions of the Agency shall be

(a) to ensure that the prohibition of the manufacture of certain types of armaments as agreed between the Brussels Powers is being observed;

(b) to control the level of stocks held by each country on the Continent of the types of armaments mentioned in the following paragraph. This control shall extend to production and imports to the extent required to make the control of stocks effective. 2. The types of armaments to be controlled under 1 (b) above shall be (a) weapons in categories I, II and III listed in Annex II to Article 107 of the EDC Treaty;

(b) weapons in the other categories listed in Annex II to Article 107 of the EDC Treaty.

(c) A list of major weapons taken from Annex I to the same Article to be established hereafter by an expert working group.3 Measures will be taken to exclude from control materials and products in the above lists for civil use.

3. As regards the weapons referred [to] under paragraph 2 (a) above when the countries which have not given up the right to produce them have passed the experimental stage and start effective production, the level of stocks that they will be allowed to hold on the Continent shall be decided by the Brussels Treaty Council by a majority vote.

4. The continental members of the Brussels Treaty Organisation agree not to build up stocks nor to produce the armaments mentioned in paragraph 2 (b) and (c) beyond the limits required (a) for the equipment of their forces, taking into account any imports including external aid, and (b) for export.

5. The requirements for their NATO forces shall be established on the basis of the results of the Annual Review and the recommendations of the NATO military authorities.

6. For forces remaining under national control, the level of stocks must correspond to the size and mission of those forces. That level shall be notified to the Agency.

7. All importations or exportations of the controlled arms will be notified to the Agency.

8. The Agency will operate through the examination and collation of statistical and budgetary data. It will undertake test checks and will 1 See article 5 of Protocol No. II; supra, p. 978.

2 See Protocol No. IV to the Brussels Treaty; supra, pp. 984-989.

See the Nine-Power Conference communiqué issued at Paris, Oct. 21, 1954; infra, doc. 18.

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make such visits and inspections as may be required to fulfil its functions as defined in paragraph 1 above.

9. The basic rules of procedure for the Agency shall be laid down in a Protocol to the Brussels Treaty.'

10. If the Agency finds that the prohibitions are not being observed, or that the appropriate level of stocks is being exceeded, it will so inform the Brussels Council.

11. The Agency will report and be responsible to the Brussels Council, which will take its decisions by a majority vote on questions submitted by the Agency.

12. The Brussels Council will make an Annual Report on its activities concerning the control of armaments to the Delegates of the Brussels Treaty Powers to the Consultative Assembly of the Council of Europe. 13. The Governments of the U.S.A. and Canada will notify the Brussels Treaty Organisation of the military aid to be distributed to the continental members of that Organisation. The Organisation may make written observations.

14. The Brussels Council will establish a Working Group in order to study the draft directive presented by the French Government and any other papers which may be submitted on the subject of armaments production and standardisation. 2

15. The Brussels Treaty Powers have taken note of the following Declaration of the Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany and record their agreement with it:

THE FEDERAL CHANCELLOR DECLARES:

that the Federal Republic undertakes not to manufacture in its territory any atomic weapons, chemical weapons or biological weapons, as detailed in paragraphs I, II and III of the attached lists; that it undertakes further not to manufacture in its territory such weapons as those detailed in paragraphs IV, V and VI of the attached list. Any amendment to or cancellation of the substance of paragraphs IV, V and VI can, on the request of the Federal Republic, be carried out by a resolution of the Brussels Council of Ministers by a two-thirds majority, if, in accordance with the needs of the armed forces, a request is made by the competent supreme commander of NATO;

that the Federal Republic agrees to supervision by the competent authority of the Brussels Treaty Organisation to ensure that these undertakings are observed.

List Appended to the Declaration by the Federal Chancellor This list comprises the weapons defined in paragraphs I to VI and the factories earmarked solely for their production. All apparatus, 1 See Protocol No. IV to the Brussels Treaty; supra, pp. 984-989. 2 This Working Group was subsequently established in Paris, Jan. 17, 1955.

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