B. c. 80. Pro Q. Roscio Comodo: Defence of the actor Roscius from the claim of C. Fannius Chærea to half the profits of certain lands taken as the value of a slave held by them in partnership, and killed by C. Flavius.

B. C. 75. Pro M. TULLIO: Plea for damages for an assault made by a rival claimant on Tullius's estate.

B. C. 70. In CECILIUM ("Divinatio "): Plea on the technical right of Cicero to conduct the prosecution against Verres.

In C. VERREM: Impeachment of Verres for plunder and oppression in Sicily. Six Orations.. -1. The general charge ("Actio Prima"); 2. De Præturâ Urbanâ: earlier political crimes of Verres; 3. De Furisdictione Siciliand: his administration in Sicily; 4. De Frumento: peculation and fraud as to the supplies of grain; 5. De Signis: the plunder of works of Art; 6. De Suppliciis: cruelties of his government.

Pro M. FONTEIO: Defence of Fonteius's administration of Gaul during Pompey's campaign against Sertorius, about B. C. 75.

Pro A. CECINA: Defence against Ebutius of Cæcina's right to an estate received by inheritance from his wife Cæsennia, widow of a rich money-lender, M. Fulcinius.

B. C. 66. Pro LEGE MANILIA, vel De Imperio CN. POMPEI: Defence of the proposal of Manilius, to invest Pompey with the command of the war against Mithridates.

Pro A. CLUENTIO HABITO: Defence of Cluentius against the charge of poisoning his step-father Oppianicus, brought by the younger Oppianicus, instigated by Sassia, the mother of Cluentius.

B. C. 63. De LEGE AGRARIA: Against the Agrarian Law of Rullus. Three orations: the first delivered in the Senate, and the others before the People.

Pro C. RABIRIO: Defence of Rabirius on the charge of killing Saturninus, about B. C. 100.

In L. CATILINAM: On the Conspiracy of Catiline. Four orations: the first and last delivered in the Senate, the second and third before the People.

Pro L. MURENA: Defence of Murena on a charge of bribery brought by Sulpicius, the defeated candidate for the consulship. (Following prior defences made by Hortensius and Crassus.)

B. C. 62. Pro P. CORNELIO SULLA: Defence of Sulla from the charge of sharing in Catiline's conspiracy. B. C. 61.

Pro A. LICINIO ARCHIA: Defence of the claim of the poet Archias to Roman citizenship.

B. C. 59. Pro L. VALERIO FLACCO: Defence of Flaccus on a charge of maladministration as proprætor in Asia.

B. C. 57. POST REDITUM: Thanks for Cicero's recall from exile. Two Orations: 1. In Senatu; 2. Ad Quirites.

Pro DOMO SUA: Appeal to the pontifices against the alienation of Cicero's estate by Clodius.

De HARUSPICUM RESPONSIS: Invective against the impieties of Clodius.

B. C. 56. Pro P. SESTIO: Defence of Sestius, a partisan of Cicero, on a charge of assault, the attack having been made on Sestius by the dependants and partisans of Clodius.

In P. VATINIUM ("Interrogatio"): A personal attack on Vatinius, one of the witnesses against Sestius.

Pro M. CELIO: Defence of the character of Cælius (a dissolute young friend of Cicero), against a vindictive charge of stealing and poisoning, brought by Atratinus, at the instigation of Clodia.

De PROVINCIIS CONSULARIBUS: Advocating the recall of Piso and Gabinius, and the retaining of Cæsar in the proconsulate of Gaul.

Pro CORNELIO BALBO: Defence of Balbus (a citizen of Gades) in his right of Roman citizenship, granted by Pompey. B. C. 55. IN L. CALPURNIUM PISONEM: Retaliation for an attack made by Piso after his return from the proconsulate of Macedonia. Pro CN. PLANCIO: Defence of Plancius on the charge of corrupt political bargaining, brought by M. Junius Laterensis, the defeated candidate for Edile.

B. C. 54. Pro C. RABIRIO POSTUMO: Defence of Rabirius, in a prosecution to recover money alleged to have been received from Ptolemy, King of Egypt, in corrupt partnership with Gabinius.

B. C. 52. Pro T. ANNIO MILONE: Defence of Milo on the charge of the murder of Clodius.

B. C. 46. Pro M. MARCELLO: Speech of thanks to Cæsar for the pardon of Marcellus.

Pro Q. LIGARIO: Petition of pardon for Ligarius, charged with conducting the war in Africa against Cæsar.

B. C. 45. Pro REGE DEIOTARO: Defence of Deiotarus, King of Galatia, charged with attempting the murder of Cæsar.

In M. ANTONIUM: Orationes Philippica XIV. - 1. Reply to an invective of Antony: exhortation to the consuls Antony and Dolabella; 2. Reply to a bitterer invective: a review of Antony's public and private life; 3. Urging the support of Octavianus (Augustus) and D. Brutus against Antony, now in Hither Gaul; 4. Exposition to the people of the acts of the Senate, and praise of D. Brutus;

List of Writings.

XV

5 (B. C. 43). Protest against treating with Antony: he should be declared a public enemy; 6. Appeal to the people: the embassy to Antony would be in vain; 7. Protest against those who clamored for peace: Antony must not be suffered to escape; 8. The war against Antony is justum bellum : his partisans should be required to submit before the 1st of March; 9. Eulogy of Sulpicius, who had died while on the mission to Antony; 10. Thanks to Pansa, and praise of M. Brutus; II. That Asia should be assigned to Cassius, to conduct the war against Trebonius; 12. Declining to serve, with P. Servilius, on an embassy to Antony; 13. There can be no peace with Antony: praise of Sex. Pompey; 14. Thanksgiving proposed, and honors to the dead, after the defeat of Antony at Bononia.

The titles of Cicero's other writings are as follows:

De INVENTIONE RHETORICA, 2 Books.

De ORATORE, 3 Books.

De CLARIS ORATORIBUS (Brutus).

ORATOR.

TOPICA.

De PARTITIONE ORATORIA.

De OPTIMO GENERE ORATORUM.

[RHETORICORUM (Ad Herennium, Incerti Auctoris), 4 Books.]
ACADEMICARUM QUESTIONUM, 2 Books.

De FINIBUS BONORUM ET MALORUM, 5 Books.
TUSCULANARUM QUÆSTIONUM, 5 Books.

De NATURA DEORUM, 3 Books.

De DIVINATIONE, 2 Books.

De FATO.

De RE PUBLICA.

De LEGIBUS, 3 Books.

De OFFICIIS, 3 Books.

De SENECTUTE (Cato Major).

De AMICITIA (Lælius).

PARADOXA.

TIMÆUS, sive De UNIVERSITATE (Translation from Plato).

PHÆNOMENA (Translation from Aratus, in verse).

EPISTOLÆ ad FAMILIARES (Ad Diversos), 16 Books.

B. C.

106. Birth of Cicero.

IOI. Marius defeats the Cimbri and Teutones.

90. Social or Marsic War. (Cicero serves the following year.) 88. Flight of Marius. Sulla in the East.

87. Marius at Rome. Massacre of Antonius and others.

82. Sulla Dictator: Proscriptions: Aristocratic Constitution. 80. Courts restored. Defence of Roscius.

78. Cicero in Athens and Asia. Civil war of Lepidus and Catulus. 76. Sertorian war. (Sertorius killed in 72.)

75. Cicero Quæstor in Sicily.

73. War of Spartacus. Lucullus in the East.

70. Cicero conducts Impeachment of Verres. Judicia restored to the Equites: power of Tribunes re-established.

66. Cicero Prætor: Oration for the Manilian Law; for Cluentius. 64. Birth of young Cicero: marriage of Tullia.

63. Cicero Consul: Conspiracy of Catiline.

62. Return of Pompey from the East. Defence of Archias. 61. Trial of Clodius: Cicero's strife with him in the Senate. 65. Coalition of Cæsar, Pompey, and Crassus.

59. Consulship of Cæsar: Clodius made Tribune.

58. Clodian Laws: exile of Cicero: Cæsar in Gaul.

57. Cicero recalled from exile: five years' control of the Corn Markets decreed to Pompey.

56. Defence of Sestius. Second marriage of Tullia: contest with Clodius, respecting Cicero's estate.

55. Crassus in the East: Cæsar's command renewed.

54. Death of Julia: Q. Cicero with Cæsar in Gaul.

53. Destruction of Crassus and his army: Cicero made Augur. 52. Clodius killed: Defence of Milo: Pompey marries Cornelia. 51. Cicero Proconsul in Cilicia, with an army of 14,600.

50. Cicero returns to Italy. Thanks for his conduct in command. 49. Cæsar forbidden to retain his army: crosses the Rubicon; acquires Spain. Pompey crosses into Greece.

48. Battle of Pharsalus: death of Pompey. Cæsar in Africa: Cicero returns to Italy.

47. Cæsar Dictator: war in Africa: Cicero in Rome.

46. Cato dies at Utica: Cæsar's triumph and reforms: war in Spain Cicero divorced from Terentia. Defence of Marcellus and Ligarius.

45. Cæsar returns from Spain: Death of Tullia: Cæsar is Cicero's guest at Puteoli. Tusculan Questions, etc.

44. Assassination of Cæsar. Octavius in Italy: Threats of Antony: The Philippic Orations, 1-4.

43. Philippics 5-14: Triumvirate of Octavianus, Antony, and Lepidus: Proscription: Cicero murdered, Dec. 7.

ORATIONS.