General Circulation Model Development: Past, Present, and FutureElsevier, 19 lug 2000 - 416 pagine General Circulation Models (GCMs) are rapidly assuming widespread use as powerful tools for predicting global events on time scales of months to decades, such as the onset of EL Nino, monsoons, soil moisture saturation indices, global warming estimates, and even snowfall predictions. While GCMs have been praised for helping to foretell the current El Nino and its impact on droughts in Indonesia, its full power is only now being recognized by international scientists and governments who seek to link GCMs to help them estimate fish harvests, risk of floods, landslides, and even forest fires. Scientists in oceanography, hydrology, meteorology, and climatology and civil, ocean, and geological engineers perceive a need for a reference on GCM design. In this compilation of information by an internationally recognized group of experts, Professor Randall brings together the knowledge base of the forerunners in theoretical and applied frontiers of GCM development. General Circulation Model Development focuses on the past, present, and future design of numerical methods for general circulation modeling, as well as the physical parameterizations required for their proper implementation. Additional chapters on climate simulation and other applications provide illustrative examples of state-of-the-art GCM design. Key Features * Foreword by Norman Phillips * Authoritative overviews of current issues and ideas on global circulation modeling by leading experts * Retrospective and forward-looking chapters by Akio Arakawa of UCLA * Historical perspectives on the early years of general circulation modeling * Indispensable reference for researchers and graduate students |
Sommario
| 1 | |
Chapter 2 A Brief History of Atmospheric General Circulation Modeling | 67 |
Phillipss 1956 Experiment | 91 |
Chapter 4 Climate Modeling in the Global Warming Debate | 127 |
Chapter 5 A Retrospective Analysis of the Pioneering Data Assimilation Experiments with the Mintz Arakawa General Circulation Model | 165 |
Chapter 6 A Retrospective View of Arakawas Ideas on Cumulus Parameterization | 181 |
Chapter 7 On the Origin of Cumulus Parameterization for Numerical Prediction Models | 199 |
Chapter 8 QuasiEquilibrium Thinking | 225 |
Chapter 14 Formulation of Oceanic General Circulation Models | 421 |
Chapter 15 Climate and Variability in the First QuasiEquilibrium Tropical Circulation Model | 457 |
Chapter 16 Climate Simulation Studies at CCSR | 489 |
Chapter 17 Global Atmospheric Modeling Using a Geodesic Grid with an Isentropic Vertical Coordinate | 509 |
From Climate Catastrophe to ENSO Simulations | 539 |
Chapter 19 Representing the StratocumulusTopped Boundary Layer in GCMs | 577 |
Chapter 20 Cloud System Modeling | 605 |
Chapter 21 Using SingleColumn Models to Improve CloudRadiation Parameterizations | 641 |
Some Sensitivity Experiments | 257 |
General Circulation Models and Their Role in the Climate Modeling Hierarchy | 285 |
Chapter 11 Prospects for Development of MediumRange and ExtendedRange Forecasts | 327 |
Dynamical OneMonth Prediction | 355 |
The Arakawa Approach Horizontal Grid Global and LimitedArea Modeling | 373 |
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adjustment advection AGCM Akio Arakawa Arakawa Atmos available potential energy averaged baroclinic boundary layer CGCM Charney circulation model climate model climate sensitivity cloud type computational conditional instability convection coordinate coupled cumulus clouds cumulus convection cumulus parameterization cycle dynamics ECMWF eddy effects ensemble entrainment entropy entropy sources equilibrium errors experiments Figure forcing forecast formulation Geophys geostrophic Ghil global grid heat horizontal hydrostatic equation increase instability integration interactions isentropic kinetic energy large-scale Manabe mass flux meridional Mesinger mesoscale Meteor Soc Meteorological moist moisture momentum Neelin numerical modeling Numerical Weather Prediction observed OGCM oscillation phase physical planetary boundary layer potential temperature precipitation primitive equations problem processes profiles quasi-equilibrium quasi-geostrophic radiation radiative Randall resolution scale scheme simulation solar solution stratocumulus surface thermodynamic tion total energy tropical cyclone turbulence UCLA UCLA GCM variability velocity vertical water vapor wave wind zonal
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Pagina 1 - The project was jointly organized and funded by the National Science Foundation, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the Chemical Manufacturer's Association.