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165 4. In spe victoriae; i. e. in the victory which they hoped for. 5. Majores opes = greater power and influence; i. e. to be enjoyed by the ambassadors personally, as a reward for betraying the conspiracy.

6. Certa praemia. V. XXX. In this passage the ambassadors are comparing the interests of their state with their own private interests. The first class of motives mentioned is drawn from considerations of state policy: the second refers to private advantages; so that aes alienum is opposed to majores opes, studium belli to tuta consilia, and magna merces to certa praemia.

7. Cujus patrocinio. Not only individuals, but also sometimes cities, and even entire states, which were in a certain relation of subjection or friendship to Rome, put themselves under the patronage of distinguished individuals, who took an interest in their affairs, and defended their cause in the senate. This patronage was hereditary. Q. Fabius Sanga had derived his right of patronage over the Allobroges from his ancestor, Q. Fabius Maximus, who finally re duced them to subjection, and hence was surnamed Allobrogicus.

8. Precepit - simulent. The perf. historical followed by the present is an unusual construction, and confined to the historians. CH. XLII. 1. Quos . . . . dimiserat. V. XXVII.

2. Cuncta.... agebant = commenced doing all things at one and the same time.

3. Portationibus. The plural is used because the arms were carried in many places, and by many individuals.

4. Causa cognita = after trial: lit. the cause having been investigated.

5. C. Murena: sc. complures in vincula conjecerat.

6. Qui - legatus = who as deputy.

CH. XLIII. 1. Videbantur: sc. illae, referring to copiis.

2. 1. Concilium, concio, and comitia are meetings summoned for fixed purposes: concilium, an assembly of noblemen and persons of distinction, of a committee, of the senate, the individual members of which are summoned to deliberate; whereas concio and comitia mean a meeting of the community, appointed by public proclamation, for passing resolutions or hearing them proposed: concio means any orderly meeting of the community, whether of the people or of the soldiery, in any state or camp: comitia is a historical term confined to a Roman meeting of the people. 2. Coetus and conventus are voluntary assemblies: coetus, for any purpose, for merely social purposes, for a conspiracy, and so forth: whereas conventus, for a

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serious purpose, such as the celebration of a festival, the hearing of 165 a discourse, and so forth. Död.

3. Concione habita. Probably the assembly of the Quirites, before which Cicero delivered the 2d Orat. in Cat.

4. Actionibus = the proceedings; i. e. with reference to the expulsion of Catiline from Rome.

5. Eo signo = upon this signal; i. e. the attack to be made on Cicero by the tribune during his address to the people. Some understand dato, but it is not necessary.

6. Suum.... negotium = each his part.

7. Divisa (sc. esse) = to be assigned. Sed. V. VII. n. 1.

9. Alius (sc. aggrederetur) autem alium = moreover one should attack one, and another should attack another; i. e. each should single out his victim.

10. Filii familiarum = minors; i. e. sons who are still under the father's authority. To these Cicero is thought to allude in Orat. II. in Cat. Hos, quos video volitare, &c.

11. Illos — corrumpere = (saying) that they lost, threw 166

away.

12. Dies prolatando = by putting off the day of execution: lit. by putting off days; i. e. the times appointed for the execution of an affair. V. Cic. in Cat. III. 4, 10.

CH. XLIV. 1. Per....conveniunt = have an interview with the rest through Gabinius. V. XLI. ad finem.

2. Signatum = sealed.

3. Aliter = nisi id fiat; i. e. unless the oath is given. V. XXIX. n. 9.

4. Eos; i. e. cives.

5. Eo; i. e. into the country of the Allobroges.

6. Crotoniensem = an inhabitant of Crotona.

7. Literas - exemplum. V. XXXIV. n. 7.

8. Quis sim, etc. V. Cic. in Cat. III. 5, 12.

9. Fac cogites = see that you consider.

10. Memineris te virum esse. Cicero has quoted it thus: Cura, ut vir sis.

11. Tuae rationes = your interests, circumstances. Rationes sunt omnia, quae quis in consilio perficiendo sequi debeat. D. Cf. LVI. fin.

12. Ab infimis. From the following clause, quo consilio servitia repudiet, it is evident that by "the lowest," slaves are meant.

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166

13. Mandata verbis = a verbal message.

14. Propius: sc. urbem.

CH. XLV. 1. Cicero – imperat. V. Cic. in Cat. III. 2, 5.

2. Cetera = as for the rest. Uti as. Ita agant that they may so act.

167 3. Illi homines militares ; i. e. praetores.

4. Ad id loci = ad eum locum.

5. Simul = simul ac.

6. Utrinque. The praetors stationed a force at both extremities of the bridge, and as soon as the ambassadors entered the bridge, a shout arose both before and behind them.

7. Dedit: not the perf. of do, but the present of dedo.

CH. XLVI. 1. Intelligens = because he knew. Dubitans = because he hesitated.

2. Porro autem = then moreover.

3. Sibi oneri - fore = would prove a source of odium to himself

4. Reipublicae . . . . fore = would tend to ruin the republic. 5. Igitur - jubet Lentulum, etc. V. Cic. in Cat. III. 3, ad init.

tenens. This was to show respect to the official

character of Lentulus.

7. Eo; i. e. to the temple of Concord.

CH. XLVII. 1. Quid . . . . habuisset = what design he had entertained, or for what reason he had entertained it.

2. Alia = things other than the truth, or things that did not pertain to the conspiracy.

3. Fide .... dicere = to speak under a public pledge of impunity.

168 4. Se.... legatos = that he, having been admitted a few days before, as an associate, by Gabinius and Coeparius, knew nothing more (i. e. no other person) than the ambassadors (sc. to be concerned in the conspiracy). This is the interpretation of Kritz. The more obvious meaning, however, - viz. that he knew nothing more than the ambassadors (knew), - may after all be the true one, though it is not easy to see how this can be.

....

5. Audire solitum = (he) was accustomed to hear. 6. Lentulum erat = convict Lentulus of dissembling, not only by letters (lit. besides letters), but also, in addition to them, by the conversations which he was accustomed to hold.

7. Tribus Corneliis = to three of the Cornelian family. V. Cic. in Cat. III. 4, 9.

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8. Cinnam atque Sullam: sc. urbis potitos fuisse. They 168 were members of the Cornelian family.

9. Signa .... cognovissent = had acknowledged their seals. 10. Abdicato magistratu = having resigned his office. A Roman citizen could not be put on trial while in office.

11. In . . . . custodiis = in private custody: equivalent to our phrase "held to bail." When a person of high rank was charged with crime, instead of being thrown into prison, and kept there until his trial, he was committed to the charge of some responsible individual. This was called libera custodia.

CH. XLVIII. 1. Ciceronem . . . . tollere. The change in the minds of the people, which is here described, was caused by a speech of Cicero, which he delivered to them on leaving the senate, and in which he related in detail the arrest of the Allobroges and the transactions of the senate. This is the speech which has come down to us as the third oration against Catiline.

2. Gaudium . . . . laetitiam. The chief distinction between gaudium and laetitia is, that gaudium is the inward, simple emotion of joy; whereas laetitia is the outward manifestation, the utterance of joy. On atque, V. Caes. III. 17, n. 3.

3. Agitabat. The change from the historical infin. to the present imperf., in the same sentence, will be recognized by the observing student as a not unusual construction in Sallust.

4. Praedae: sc. sibi.

5. Ac is here used to add a notion which defines more accurately the notion contained in immoderatum.

6. Quippe . . . . erant = since all their means consisted in articles for daily use, and clothes for the body. Usu and cultu are the abstract for the concrete.

7. Post eum diem = postridie.

8. Dico denotes to say, as conveying information, in reference to the hearer, in opp. to taceo; but aio expresses an affirmation, with reference to the speaker, in opp. to nego. Död.

9. Data esset. V. Caes. I. 13, n. 7.

10. De itinere hostium; i. e. of the approach of Catiline

and Manlius towards Rome with an army.

11. Missum a M. Crasso. V. XVII. ad fin.

12. Illi; i. e. Lentulus et Cethegus aliique.

13. Tanta vis hominis = homo tantae vis.

14. Videbatur: personal, yet it will be better to translate it

impersonally.

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15. Crasso - obnoxii. Being a man of great wealth, many were "under obligations to" him, on account of the loans with which he had accommodated them, and consequently were afraid of offending him.

16. Referatur: sc. ad se. Before the senate could vote upon any measure, it must be brought regularly before them by a magistrate authorized to do the same: commonly the consul presiding, though it could be done by a tribune of the people, and even by a praetor.

17. Consulente Cicerone (sc. senatum) = Cicero consulting the senate; i. e. referring the subject to them, putting the question to them. Frequens = full.

18. Neque amplius (sc. indicandi) potestatem faciundam = and that power of giving further information ought not to be given.

19. Per . . . . periculi = by his being made to share in the danger.

20. Suscepto .... patrocinio = by undertaking the defence of the vicious.

21. Praedicantem = openly declaring.

CH. XLIX. 1. Neque.... gratia = nor by money nor marks of favor.

2. Nominaretur; i. e. as an accomplice.

3. Piso: sc. inimicitiam exercebat.

4. Oppugnatus . . . . injustum = because he had been attacked (by him; i. e. Caesar), when on trial for extortion, on account of the unjust punishment of a certain one who lived beyond the Po. The meaning of the passage is not that Piso was accused of extortion by Caesar, but that Caesar availed himself of the opportunity of this trial for extortion to bring Piso to justice for an alleged unjust punishment of one of the Transpadani, whose patron he (Caesar) was.

5. Ex.... pontificatus. For the meaning of ex, V. XII. n. 2. Caesar had defeated Catulus in his canvass for the office of pontifex maximus.

6. Adolescentulo. Caesar, though now thirty-six years old, could be called young in comparison with the aged Catulus.

7. Res.... videbatur = the circumstances, however, seemed favorable; i. e. for injuring the reputation of Caesar; for being deeply involved in debt, he would be more readily suspected of being engaged in the conspiracy.

8. Privatim publice = in private life in public life.