the Morini and Menapii and drove them into their forests and marshes. He was now master of all Gaul,

55 699 45 By the law of Trebonius, obtained the provinces of Gaul and Illyricum for another five years; namely, from the 1st of January, B. C. 53, to the end of B. C. 49. Conquered the German tribes, Usipetes and Tenchtheri, who had crossed the Rhine for the purpose of settling in Gaul: crossed the Rhine by a bridge of boats, ravaged the country of the Sigambri, returned to Gaul in eighteen days and destroyed the bridge: invaded Britain with two legions on his return punished the Morini for their revolt during his absence. Thanksgiving of twenty days decreed by the Roman senate.

54 700 46 Second invasion of Britain. Revolt of the Eburones

led on by their chiefs Ambiorix and Cativoleus.

Defeat of the Eburones. Indutiomarus, a chief of the Treviri, slain. Lost his daughter Julia,

the wife of Pompey.

53 701 47 Compelled the Nervii, Senones, Carnutes, Menapii, and Treviri, who had revolted, to return to obe

dience: bridged the Rhine, and made a second expedition into Germany.

52 702 48 General conspiracy and revolt of the Gauls, led by Vercingetorix, a young chief of the Arverni. Besieged Alesia, in which Vercingetorix had fortified himself, and took it together with Vercingetorix. Submission of the Ædui and Arverni. Thanksgiving of twenty days voted by the Roman senate. 51 703 49 Suppressed new conspiracies of the Gauls, and reduced in succession the Carnutes, the Bellovaci, the Armoric states, and Aquitania.

50 704 50 Left his army in Transalpine Gaul, and repaired early in the spring of this year into Cisalpine Gaul: soon returned to Transalpine Gaul and reviewed his army. Sent two legions to Rome at the command of the senate, after he had made each soldier liberal presents. Intrigues of Pompey and the senate against him.

Age of

B. C. A.U.C. C 49 705 51

Ordered by the senate to disband his army. War declared. The management of it given to Pompey. Crossed the Rubicon, the boundary of his province; marched into Italy; took Corfinium; pursued Pompey to Brundisium. Panic at Rome. Laid siege to Brundisium, but Pompey embarked for Greece on the 17th of March. Went to Rome. In three months was master of all Italy. Proceeded to Spain, where he conquered Afranius and Petreius, the legati of Pompey, and reduced the whole country to submission in forty days. Appointed dictator by the prætor M. Lepidus, who had been empowered to do so by a law passed for the purpose. Returned to Rome. Entered upon the duties of his dictatorship, which he resigned after eleven days: having in the mean time caused the consular election to be held, in which he, together with P. Servilius Vatia Isauricus, was elected consul for the ensuing year. Went to Brundisium in December, in order to cross over into Greece.

48 706 52 Set sail from Brundisium on the 4th of January, and arrived the next day on the coast of Epirus. Defeated Pompey at the battle of Pharsalia in the month of August. Pursued him to Egypt, where he was murdered before the arrival of Cæsar. Appointed dictator for a year. Alexandrine war.

47 707 53 Alexandrine war brought to a close in March. Marched through Syria into Pontus to attack Pharnaces, whom he utterly defeated on the 2d of August, near Zela. Returned to Rome in September, having settled the affairs of Syria, Cilicia, Asia, and Cappadocia, on the way. Appointed dictator again for one year. Elected consul along with M. Æmilius Lepidus for the next year. Set out for Africa just before the end of the year, in order to carry on war against Scipio and Cato.

46 708 54 Took Utica. Brought the war to a close by the battle of Thapsus, on the 6th of April, in which the Pompeian army was completely defeated. Returned to Rome in July. Undisputed master of the Roman

Age of

B. C. A.U.C. Car

world. A public thanksgiving of forty days decreed in his honor. Appointed dictator for ten years, and censor for three years. Celebrated his victories in Gaul, Egypt, Pontus, and Africa, by four magnificent triumphs. Reformed the calendar. Set out for Spain.

45 709 55 Insurrection in Spain under the command of Pompey's sons, Cneius and Sextus. Brought the Spanish war to a close by the battle of Munda, on the 17th of March. Returned to Rome in September. Enjoyed a fifth triumph on account of his victories in Spain. Thanksgiving of fifty days. Received the title of Imperator for life: nominated consul for the next ten years, and both dictator and praefectus morum for life. To reward his followers, he greatly increased the number of senators, augmented the number of public magistrates, so that there were to be 16 prætors, 40 quæstors, and 6 ædiles, and added new members to the priestly colleges.

44 710 56 The month Quintilis called Julius in honor of him. Prepared for an expedition against the Parthians and other barbarous tribes on the Danube. Refused the diadem offered him by his colleague in the consulship, M. Antony. Slain in the senate-house on the Ides of March, by Brutus, Cassius, and other conspirators, to the number of sixty.

ECLOGAE CICERONIANAE.

NARRATIONS.

I. The Lacedemonians in Athens.

Lysandrum Lacedaemonium dicere aiunt solitum,d Lacedaemonem esse honestissimum domicilium senectutis; nusquam enim tantum tribuitur aetati, nusquam est senectush honoratior. Quin etiam memoriae proditum est, quum Athēnis ludis quidam in' theatrum grandis natum venisset," in 5 magno consessu locum eio a suis civibus nusquam datum; quum autem ad Lacedaemonios accessisset," qui,a legāti quum essent," in loco certo consedĕrant, consurrexisse omnes," et 'senem illum sessum recepisse. Quibus quum a cuncto consessu plausus esset" multiplex datus, dixisse ex iis quen- 10 dam, Athenienses" scire, quae" recta essent, sed facere nolle.

K.-I. 80, 2 & 3; 106, 1 & 2, b). — 86, R. 3. — 96, 1, b). — 80, R. 3, 5); 59, VIII. — 80, 4; 81, 1.—£88, 12. — § 90, 1.—39. — 46, R.; 77, 4; 80, R. 1, 2). —¡92, 1. —91, 10.-134, 3. 94, 5.-P94, 3.-4110, 1. 110, R. 2.-'117, 3.

E

91, 2, c). "111, 1.89, 1.97, 1.110, R. 5.—" 82, 3;

b

A. & S.-I. 201, 1 & 2; 239; 272.- 205, R. 7, (1).—271. 4270, R. 3; 142, 2.—201, 3; 203, 2; 210.-211. — 223. — 67, 2. — 1184, (a); 184, 2, (a); 209, R. 3, (5).—1254. — 253, & N. 1. —1235, (2). 250, 1.263, 5, R. 2. -° 207, R. 26, (a). —P 208, R. 37, (2).

-"205, R. 7, (2); 206, R. 19, (4). — 266, 2.

* It sometimes occurs, that what is expressed in one Grammar under a single head, is expressed in the other under several. In such cases the same reference letter which has been used once, is introduced again in the proper place among the references with a numeral placed after it within parenthetical marks, thus: n (2).

II. Nasica and Ennius.

Nasica quum ad poētam Ennium venisset, eique ab ostio quaerenti Ennium ancilla dixisset, domi non esse, Nasic sensit, illam domíni1 jussu1 dixisse, et illum intus esse. Pau

cis post diebus quum ad Nasicam venisset Ennius, et eum

5 janua 'quaereret, exclamat Nasica, se1 domi non esse.m Tun Ennius, 2 Quid? ego non cognosco, inquit, vocem tuam? Hi Nasica, Homo es impudens. Ego quum te quaerěrem, ancil lae tuae credidi, te domi non esse; tu mihi non credis ipsi?

III. Cleobis and Bito.

Argiae 'sacerdotis, Cleobis et Bito, filii, praedicantur. 10 Nota fabula est. Quum enim illam ad sollemne et statum sacrificium currud vehic jus esset, satis longe ab oppido ad fanum, "morarenturque jumenta, tunc juvenes ii, quos modo nomināvi,h veste posita, corpora oleo perunxerunt: ad jugum accesserunt. Ita sacerdos advecta in fanum, quum 15 currus essete ductus a filiis,' precātaTM a dea dicitur," ut illis 'praemium daret" pro pietāte, quod maximum homini daria posset' a deo: post, epulātos cum matre 'adolescentes, somno se dedisse, mane inventos esset mortuos.

K. II. 86, 6. — 111, 1. —94, 5. — 100, 2, d). — 100, 1.—'92, R. 3.-106, 1, & 2, a). — 1 88, 12.-191, 4.-191, 11, & R. 26. — * -84, 2.-194, 3.- 117, 1. — 94, 1. — ° 117, R. 1. —P118, 1, b). — 90, 1, c). III. 88, 12.86, 6. — 106, 2, d).—491, 1, a).—o111, 1.-29, R. 1, 3).-110, 1.—84, 3. —1100, 4, b). —191, 1, e). — * 34, 3. —191, R. 2.80, R. 3, 5).— 106, R. 5.-90, R. 1.-P 107, 1; 103, 3, a). 96, 1, b). 117, 3. — 89, 1; 94, 3.-102, R. 9, last sentence.

d

A. & S. - II. 204.263, R. 2.—207, R. 26, (a). — 274, 3, (a). — 274, 1. -1221, R. 3. 239; 272. — 211.-1247, & R. 2. — 253, R. 1.145, I. 3.1 208, R. 37, (a). — 266, N. — 209, R. 1, (a) & (b). -°279, 6. -P P209, R. 4. 19 9223, R. 2.

III. 211.- 204, & R. 5.—239; 269, R. 2. — 247, 3.263, 5, R. 2.207, R. 26, (a). — 206, R. 19. 145, IV. & R. - 1257, & R. 3, (a).-1249, I. — * 235, (2). — e(2) 263, 5, R. 1.1248, I. — 270, R. 3.

10

"271, R. 2. 229, R. 1. — P 262; 201, 7 & 8.-4271.-266, 1.—" 229; 208, R. 37, (a).—278, R. 6.