year succeeding his consulship and ending with the year of his death. Besides throwing much light upon the orations and affording to the pupil a pleasing and interesting variety of readingmatter, these letters reveal more of the heart and true character of Rome's greatest orator, philosopher, and scholar, than any number of his orations could possibly do. These letters have been arranged in chronological order, and there has been prefixed to those of each year a brief history in Latin of the principal events of that year. This will aid very much in understanding many of the allusions in the text. I hope this slight departure from the old beaten track may prove acceptable to both teachers and scholars. In conclusion, I wish to say that very little is claimed on the score of originality. Mine has been the far humbler task to condense and arrange the materials which have been produced by others. I have had constantly before me the various editions of Caesar, Sallust, and Cicero, which are in common use in the schools of this country, and, in making the notes, have drawn freely from these and all other sources within my reach whatever was suited to my purpose. In many instances credit has been given; and it would have been agreeable to my views and feelings always to do this; but it was in some cases very inconvenient, and in others quite impossible. A large portion of the notes on Cicero's letters, and all of the Roman history which is placed at the beginning of each of the years covered by these letters, have been taken without much alteration from a selection of Cicero's letters by T. K. Arnold. Besides my indebtedness in general to those who have preceded me in this department of literary labor, I am under special obligations to the Rev. J. T. Champlin, D. D., President of Waterville College, for many very valuable suggestions. With this general statement of the plan and design of the work, and of the sources from which it has been compiled, the editor offers it to the public in the hope that it may meet with a favorable reception, and prove useful in promoting the true interests of sound learning. PORTLAND, November 3, 1860. PREFACE TO THE FOURTH EDITION. A DESIRE has been expressed by many teachers, that the Vocabulary might be made to cover the Orations, as well as the other portions of the text, so that the whole volume might be studied without the aid of a Lexicon. To gratify this desire, an Appendix has been added at the end of the volume, containing all the words of the text which are not found in the Vocabulary. REFERENCES TO THE PLACES FROM WHICH THE PASSAGES IN THE Narrations. I De Senect. 18.-II. De Or. ii. 68. - III. Tusc. Disp. i. 47. - IV. De Or. i. 61. V. De Or. iii. 56. VI. De Fin. ii. 30. VII. a. De Senect. 7.- VIII. a. Acad. Quæst. iv. 1, De Fin. ii. 32; b. De Or. ii. 74; c. De Amicit. 12. IX. De Off. iii. 11.-X. De Senect. 17.-XI. a. Tusc. Disp. v. 12; b. i. 43; e. v. 32; d. v. 108; e. Acad. Quæst. i. 4; f. Tusc. Disp. v. 34.-XII. De Off. iii. 22.-XIII. Tusc. Disp. v. 7.- XIV. Tusc. Disp. v. 34. XV. De Off. iii. 26, 27.—XVI. Tusc. Disp. v. 21. -XVII. a. Tusc. Disp. v. 42; b. i. 42; c. v. 34. —XVIII. Tusc. Disp. ii. 25. XIX. De Inv. ii. 4.- XX. Tusc. Disp. v. 23.-XXL Brut. 80, 90, 91. - Maxims. 1. Ad Attic. xii. 28.— 2. xii. 5. 3. De Fin. ii. 46.-4. De Fin. v. 24. 5. Orat. 34.-6. Ad Attic. iv. 13.-7. De Nat. Deor. i. 44. -10. De Nat. Deor. ii. 66.-11. Tusc. Disp. i. 29.-12. De Orat. ii. 44.-13. De Off. i. 26.14. De Off. i. 43.-15. De Fin. v. 16.-16. Ad Fam. v. 7.17. Tusc. Disp. iv. 26.-19. Pro Arch. 7.-20. Tusc. Disp. ii. 5.21. De Orat. i. 25. — 22. i. 15.-23. Acad. Quæst. iv. 41. XXV. De Div. ii. 27, 28. - XXVI. a. De Inv. i. 1; b. De Orat i. 8.— XXVII. a. De Nat. Deor. ii. 2; b De Legg. i. 8; c. De Nat. Deor. i. 22; d. iii. 39; e. ii. 22; f. De Legg. ii. 7; g. De Nat. Deor. ii. 28.-XXVIII. De Senect. 23. B.C. A.U.C. Cicero. 106 648 MARCUS TULLIUS CICERO was born at Arpinum on 88 666 18 81673 25 Heard Philo and Molo at Rome. Made his first appearance as an advocate, delivered |