Introduction to Marine Biology

abundant abyssal algae anal fin animals Antarctic appendages arctic areas bacteria barnacle bathypelagic beach benthic benthos Biol bivalves body boreal bottom burrow California canals cells characteristic coast coastal color commonly continental shelves copepods coral reefs crabs Crustacea deep-sea depths developed diatoms dinoflagellates distribution dorsal fin echinoderms ecology eggs endemic estuaries euphotic zone fauna feeding feet fish forms gastropods genera GENUS gill groups growth intertidal islands larger larvae layer living M. W. Williams photograph mantle Marine Biology medusae ment meters molluscs mouth nematocysts number of species occur ocean Oceanogr organic matter oxygen pair pelagic pelvic fins phytoplankton plankton plants polyps predators produced region relatively rocks salinity sand seawater sediments segments shallow shark shelf shell South southern spines sponges stage Suborder substrate swimming tail teeth temperature tend tentacles thoracic tides tion tropical upper usually ventral warm water masses whales worms zooplankton