been the grange or a chantry, or even a distinct religious house; but as no mention of any such house occurs in Nasmith's edition of Tanner, it is more probable that no such foundation ever existed at all. About a hundred yards to the west is the ruined vicarage, occupied about fifty years ago by a cottage. This supposed grange, or chantry, or refectory, and the other ruins, are in all probability the remains of an important rectory, and an appendage to the Castle.

At no great distance is, however, an undoubted rectory, now occupied by a farmer. This is the rectory of Carew, the property of the present owner of the great tithes. The house itself, although later than the building at Angle, still retains the castle-like form, and is a plain square building, the upper part of which is reached by a newel staircase. Considerable remains of a wall that once enclosed the building still exist, but, as Carew Castle is near at hand, there may have been less necessity for extensive defences. The castle form of this rectory seems to have been more traditional than actually intended as a secure stronghold against attacks.

Another example of what was once a fortified house, although now in ruins, and destined soon to vanish entirely, is Scotsborough House, near Tenby, for several generations the residence of a younger branch of the Perrot family. Only a portion, however, of the building exhibits defensive features, the rest of the house having been added at a considerably later period. The older portions are the long stone vaulted hall at the back of the building, the springs of the vault being only left, and two small square projecting towers furnished with loops, commanding the outer wall of that part of the building. Whether the original entrance was on this side is uncertain, for although the present one is there, it is much later. All that

can be ascertained as certain is that the side of the original house was swept by these loops. Houses similarly vaulted did exist in the town of Tenby, some of which have been removed within the last fifteen years;

but, situated as they were within the walls of the town, there would be less necessity for such protection, so that the vault may have been still retained, partly from habit, and partly because it was more lasting, and perhaps as cheap where wood was not plentiful. At Lydstep, on the road between Tenby and Manorbier, are two houses, one on each side of the road, both of which retain apartments similarly vaulted; but the one on the right, as one goes towards Manorbier, is the oldest and most curious of the two; now subdivided into two or three tenements, and occupied by poor persons. It consists of two stories, the lowest one vaulted, and divided into several apartments, but as some of these have neither chimney nor window, these divisions may be later. The upper apartment was reached by an external staircase, but has lost its original roof. It has, however, at one extremity in the left hand corner, near the gable, in which there was at one time a large window, a curious little chamber furnished with a fire-place, and built on a strongly vaulted projecting tower, added to the building. The lower part of this projection is used only as a storehouse. This building must have been at one time an important one, and has traditions connected with it, of no particular value or credit, excepting the proof that its real origin is unknown. One account calls it a hunting seat of Bishop Gower, another that it stands on the site of Lis Castle, where Archol Lawhir, King of Dyfed, is said to have held his court. One story is as likely as the other, but it is curious that the neighbouring peasants still call it the place of arms, as if the memory of the military occupants in former days had not entirely perished. According to Fenton, there must have been in his time many more examples of such houses, for he says the incumbent of Penally lived in a house which bore marks of "having been a very dignified mansion, and of great extent, by portions of ruined walls in various directions, and covered by much ground". He then goes on thus, "To the east and south-east on to Ludstep (Lydstep) the country was

4TH SER., VOL. VIII.

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thickly studded with houses above the rank of such as farmers might have been supposed to inhabit, most of them being surrounded with a court, and entered by an arched gateway, and many built on arches (p. 444.) Courts and gateways have long since vanished. The arches are no doubt the ordinary stone vaults, some of which may still exist in the more important houses around, now occupied by farmers. Many other examples of stone vaulted dwellings are found in Pembroke, Monkton, and elsewhere; and although in some instances mere defence does not appear to have been the main object of the builders, yet from habit they kept up the custom of using so substantial a mode of building.

The period, however, when this vaulting was given up is very uncertain; but in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries important houses seem to have been built without them. Thus between Lydstep and Penally may be seen, in the hollow of the valley, several ruined gables and walls-the remains of an important house. It is named Whitwell, but nothing is recorded as to its owners; and although Fenton must have passed near it, he makes no mention of it. It was probably in the same ruinous condition as it is at present. He mentions, however, what he terms the "venerable mansion" of Trellwyn, better known by its corrupted name of Treflyn, but in the Ordnance map spelt Trelloyan. Fenton states that Agnes, heiress of John ap Howell, conveyed it to Gwyllim ap Evan ap Owen, of the great house of Pentre Evan in the same county; but in another part of his work he states that it was granted to Thomas ap Owen, of the same family, by Queen Elizabeth. The estate came, however, into the hands of Phillips of Picton, by marriage with the sole heiress of the last of the ap Owen, or better known as the Bowen family. It suffered but little in the Parliamentary war, but probably became a ruin when the owner of it preferred to reside at Picton. The view here given of it is from a drawing made in 1804, and it remained nearly in this state until its final demolition to furnish materials for