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No. 558.

SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 29, 1827.

REVIEW OF NEW BOOKS.

THE REV. ROBERT POLLOK.

ON Tuesday, the 18th, this gentleman died at Devonshire Place, Shirley Common, near Southampton, at the early age of twenty-eight years. He was on his way to Italy, the climate of which had been recommended to him for a consumptive complaint; but he was only enabled to reach Southampton, where, at the end of a few weeks, his mortal career was thus prematurely closed.

Mr. Pollok was the author of a poem, in ten books, entitled The Course of Time, which lately appeared, and to which we are, now, sorry that we did not advert while its author yet lived to feel even the modified praise which, in justice, we could have bestowed upon his labours. But it came upon us with so high a sound from the North, that our judgment was startled, and we refrained from delivering an opinion, which, though favourable, seemed so little to correspond with the enthusiasm of Mr. Pollok's personal friends and admirers. The worthy Sir John Sinclair wrote an encomium on the poem (we regret having mislaid his Appeal); but still, though death has hallowed the subjeet, we cannot depart from our first opinions. Therefore, with every feeling quickened by the melancholy event we have recorded, we shall not be led into an undue appreciation of these volumes. That they are throughout pure, and Occasionally not only beautiful but sublime, must be acknowledged by every reader: but that they, at the same time, betray a multitude of faults in expression, composition, and arrangement, is equally undeniable. Let us shew by a few extracts the character and nature of the author's muse.-A disappointed man of high feelings.

"He listened, and heard from far the voice of FameHeard, and was charmed; and deep and sudden vow Of resolution made to be renowned;

And deeper vowed again to keep his vow.

His parents saw-his parents, whom God made

Of kindest heart-saw and indulged his hope.

The ancient page he turned, read much, thought much,
And with old bards of honourable name
Measured his soul severely, and looked up
To fame, ambitious of no second place.
Hope grew from inward faith, and promised fair;
And out before him opened many a path
Ascending where the laurel highest waved
Her branch of endless green. He stood admiring!
But stood, admired not long. The harp he seized;
The harp he loved-loved better than his life;
The harp which uttered deepest notes, and held
The ear of thought a captive to its song.
He searched, and meditated much, and whiles
With rapturous hand in secret touched the lyre,
Aining at glorious strains, and searched again
For theme deserving of immortal verse;
Chose now, and now refused, unsatisfied;
Pleased, then displeased, and hesitating still.

The bitterest cup that time could measure out,
And, having done, look up, and ask for more.
He called Philosophy, and with his heart
Reasoned: he called Religion too, but called
Reluctantly, and therefore was not heard.
Ashamed to be o'ermatched by earthly woes,
He sought, and sought with eye that dimmed apace,
To find some avenue to light, some place
On which to rest a hope; but sought in vain.
Darker and darker still the darkness grew;
At length he sunk, and disappointment stood
His only comforter, and mournfully
Told all was past. His interest in life,
In being, ceased; and now he seemed to feel,
And shuddered as he felt, his powers of mind
Decaying in the spring-time of his day.
The vigorous, weak became-the clear, obscure;
Memory gave up her charge, decision reeled,
And from her flight fancy returned-returned,
Because she found no nourishment abroad.
The blue heavens withered, and the moon, and sun,
And all the stars, and the green earth, and morn
And evening, withered; and the eyes, and smiles,
And faces of all men and women withered-
Withered to him; and all the universe,
Like something which had been, appeared, but now
Was dead and mouldering fast away. He tried
No more to hope-wished to forget his vow-
Wished to forget his harp-then ceased to wish.
That was his last. Enjoyment now was done.
He had no hope, no wish, and scarce a fear.
Of being sensible, and sensible

Of loss, he as some atom seemed which God
Had made superfluously, and needed not
To build creation with, but back again
To Nothing threw, and left it in the void,
With everlasting sense that once it was.

Oh, who can tell what days, what nights he spent,
Of tideless, waveless, sailless, shoreless wo!
And who can tell how many, glorious once
To others, and themselves of promise full,
Conducted to this pass of human thought,
This wilderness of intellectual death,
Wasted and pined, and vanished from the earth,
Leaving no vestige of memorial there!

It was not so with him: when thus he lay,
Forlorn of heart, withered, and desolate,
As leaf of Autumn, which the wolfish winds,
Selecting from its falling sisters, chase
Far from its native grove, to lifeless wastes,
And leave it there alone to be forgotten
Eternally-God passed in mercy by,

His praise be ever new! and on him breathed,
And bade him live, and put into his hands
A holy harp, into his lips a song,

That rolled its numbers down the tide of Time.
Ambitious now but little to be praised
Of men alone-ambitious most to be
Approved of God, the Judge of all, and have
His name recorded in the book of life."

We are free to imagine that this is a portrait
of the author himself: it has its blemishes,
but there is. a peace and grandeur in its
reflections, pointed to tenfold interest by the
thought that the writer is now mouldering
Such a result takes away
in the grave.
from us the idea of criticism: "the course
of time" has been for the author, and must
very soon be for us. That which in our page
might have pained or delighted his spirit,
Were we to call him a
is nothing to it now.
Milton, it were a mockery as worthless as the
coffin-plate of tinsel and paltry manufacture

Thus stood his mind, when round him came a cloud; which so often mocks the dead; and were

Slowly and heavily it came a cloud

Of ills we mention not; enough to say

"Twas cold, and dead, impenetrable gloom.
He saw its dark approach, and saw his hopes,
One after one, put out, as nearer still
It drew his soul: but fainted not at first,
Fainted not soon. He knew the lot of man
Was trouble, and prepared to bear the worst,
Endure whate'er should come, without a sigh
Endure, and drink, even to the very dregs,

we to scan the imperfections of his verse, what could he care for the criticism? After life's fitful fever, the cold earth laps all the poet's hopes and fears: his aspirations of future fame, what are they?-his thousands of fine thoughts, unembodied and unexpressed, but affording a consciousness of power that might Published a few months since, in 2 vols. 12mo., by improve a world-where is their being? Alas! the imperfect accomplished, the mighty pro

Blackwood, Edinburgh; and Cadell, London.

PRICE 8d.

Ijected, are all that we know or can conceive of Robert Pollokan individual of high gifts, and who abused not, if he has not been permitted to fulfil, the glorious destinies which nature opens to Genius.

We give another extract from the publication before us, as a fair example of what the bard has done, and promise of what he might have done. In the course of time the last day must

"In customed glory bright, that morn the sun
Rose, visiting the earth with light, and heat,
And joy; and seemed as full of youth, and strong
To mount the steep of heaven, as when the Stars
Of morning sung to his first dawn, and night
Fled from his face: the spacious sky received
Him blushing as a bride, when on her looked
The bridegroom; and spread out beneath his eye
Earth smiled. Up to his warm embrace the dews,
That all night long had wept his absence, flew:
The herbs and flowers their fragrant stores unlocked,
And gave the wanton breeze, that newly woke,
Revelled in sweets, and from its wings shook health,
A thousand grateful smells: the joyous woods
Dried in his beams their locks, wet with the drops
Of night; and all the sons of music sung
Their matin song: from arboured bower, the thrush
Concerting with the lark that hymned on high;
On the green hill the flocks, and in the vale
The herds rejoiced; and light of heart the hind
Eyed amorously the milk-maid as she passed,
Not heedless, though she looked another way.

No sign was there of change; all nature moved
In wonted harmony; men as they met,
In morning salutation, praised the day,
And talked of common things: the husbandman
Prepared the soil, and silver-tongued hope
Promised another harvest; in the streets,
Each wishing to make profit of his neighbour,
Merchants assembling, spoke of trying times,
Of bankruptcies and markets glutted full;
Or, crowding to the beach, where, to their car,
The path of foreign accent, and the noise
Uncouth of trade's rough sons, made music sweet,
Elate with certain gain, beheld the bark,
Expected long, enriched with other climes,
Into the harbour safely steer; or saw,
Parting with many a weeping farewell sad,
And blessing uttered rude, and sacred pledge,
The rich laden carack, bound to distant shore;
And hopefully talked of her coming back
With richer fraught; or sitting at the desk,
In calculation deep and intricate,
Of loss and profit balancing, relieved
At intervals the irksome task with thought
Of future case, retired in villa snug."

With subtile look, amid his parchments sat
The lawyer, weaving his sophistries for count
To meet at mid-day. On his weary couch
Fat luxury, sick of the night's debauch,
Lay groaning, fretful at the obtrusive beam
That through his lattice peeped derisively..
The restless miser had begun again
To count his heaps;-before her toilet stood
The fair, and, as with guileful skill she decked
Her loveliness, thought of the coming ball,
New lovers, or the sweeter nuptial night.
And evil men of desperate lawless life,
By oath of deep damnation leagued to ill
Remorselessly, fled from the face of day,
Against the innocent their counsel held,
Plotting uppardonable deeds of blood,
And villanies of fearful magnitude:-
Despots, secured behind a thousand bolts,
The workmanship of fear, forged chains for man;-
Senates were meeting; statesmen loudly talked.
Of national resources, war and peace;
And sagely balanced empires soon to end;-
And faction's jaded minions, by the page
Paid for abuse, and oft-repeated lies,
In daily prints, the thoroughfare of news,
For party schemes made interest, under cloak
Of liberty, and right, and public weal:-
In holy conclave, bishops spoke of tithes,
And of the awful wickedness of men;-
Intoxicate with sceptres, diadems,
And universal rule, and panting hard
For fame, heroes were leading on the brave
To battle;-men, in science deeply read,

626

い

And academic theory, foretold - B170gk Hand) HOT
Improvements vast:-and learned sceptics proved
That earth should with eternity endure;
Concluding madly that there was no God.

No sign of change appeared; to every man

That day seemed as the past. From noontide path
The sun looked gloriously on earth, and all
Her scenes of giddy folly smiled secure.
When suddenly, alas, fair Earth! the sun
Was wrapt in darkness, and his beams returned

Up to the throne of God; and over all

The earth came night, moonless and starless night.
Nature stood still;-the seas and rivers stood,
And all the winds; and every living thing.
The cataract, that like a giant wroth,
Rushed down impetuously, as seized, at once,
By sudden frost with all his hoary locks,
Stood still; and beasts of every kind stood still.
A deep and dreadful silence reigned alone!
Hope died in every breast; and on all men
Came fear and trembling;-none to his neighbour
spoke:

Husband thought not of wife; nor of her child
The mother; nor friend of friend; nor foe of foe.
In horrible suspense all mortals stood;

And as they stood, and listened, chariots were heard
Rolling in heaven;-revealed in flaming fire,
The angel of God appeared in stature vast,
Blazing; and lifting up his hand on high,
By Him that lives for ever, swore, that Time
Should be no more.-Throughout, creation heard,
And sighed all rivers, lakes, and seas, and woods;
Desponding waste and cultivated vale-
Wild cave, and ancient hill, and every rock,
Sighed-earth, arrested in her wonted path,
As ox struck by the lifted axe, when nought
Was feared, in all her entrails deeply groaned.
A universal crash was heard, as if

The ribs of nature broke, and all her dark
Foundations failed;-and deadly paleness sat
On every face of man, and every heart

Grew chill, and every knee his fellow smote.

None spoke, uone stirred, none wept; for horror held
All motionless, and fettered every tongue.

Again o'er all the nations silence fell:

And in the heavens, robed in excessive light,..
That drove the thick of darkness far aside,

And walked with penetration keen through all

The abodes of men, another angel stood,

And blew the trump of God.-Awake, ye dead!
Be changed, ye living! and put on the garb
Of immortality! Awake! arise!

་

The God of judgment comes.This said the voice;-
And silence, from eternity that slept
Beyond the sphere of the creating word,
And all the noise of Time, awakened, heard. 7****
Heaven heard, and earth, and farthest hell through all
Her regions of despair;-the ear of Death
Heard, and the sleep that for so long a night
Pressed on his leaden eyelids, fled; and all
The dead awoke, and all the living changed.

Old men, that on their staff, bending had leaned,
Crazy and frail; or sat, benummbed with age,
In weary listlessness, ripe for the grave,
Felt through their sluggish veins and withered limbs
New vigour flow;-the wrinkled face grew smooth;.
Upon the head that time had razored bare,

Rose bushy locks; and as his son in prime tw

Of strength and youth, the aged father stood

Changing herself, the mother saw her son

Grow up, and suddenly put on the form

Of manhood:-and the wretch that begging sat

Limbless, deformed, at corner of the way,

Unmindful of his crutch, in joint and limb
Arose complete ;-and he that on the bed

Of mortal sickness, worn with sore distress,

Lay breathing forth his soul to death, felt now

The tide of life and vigour rushing back;
And looking up beheld his weeping wife,

And daughter fond, that o'er him bending stooped
To close his eyes; the frantic madman too,
In whose confused brain reason had lost
Her way, long driven at random to and fro,
Grew sober, and his manacles fell off.
The newly sheeted corpse arose, and stared
On those who dressed it;--and the coffined dead,
That men were bearing to the tomb awoke,
And mingled with their friends; and armies, which
The trump surprised, met in the furious shock
Of battle, saw the bleeding ranks, new fallen,
Rise up at once, and to their ghastly cheeks
Return the stream of life in healthy flow. dush
And as the anatomist, with all his band
Of rude disciples, o'er the subject hung,
And impolitely hewed his way through bones
And muscles of the sacred human form,
Exposing barbarously to wanton gaze

The mysteries of nature-joint embraced dental
His kindred joint, the wounded flesh grew up,
And suddenly the injured man awoke,
Among their hands, and stood arrayed complete
In immorte Aty-forgiving scarce

The insult offered to his clay in death.

That was tehour, long wished for by the good,
Of univers alJubilee to all

The sons of pondage; from the oppressor's hand
The scourge of violence fell; and from his back,
Heal of its stripes, the burden of the slave"

First.

4to.

The Progresses, &c. of King James the
By John Nichols, F.S.A. &c. &c."
J. Nichols and Son. Parts XVII. and
XVIII.

Buckingham to be the favourite, is described Tarkable way by Archbishop Abbot "I repute it not amiss," (says he,)" to observe a few words of the Duke of Bucking -(all brod malo vil ham, as he was in his rising. I say nothing of It was originally proposed to complete this very his being in France, because I was not present, curious and valuable work in eighteen Parts, and divers others there be that remember it forming three quarto volumes; but on nearing well; but I take him at his first repair to King James, for many insolencies, his anticipated conclusion, Mr. Nichols has court. found it impossible to compress his redundant grew weary of Somerset; and the kingdom materials within the prescribed bounds. Though groaning under the triumvirate of Northampthe last two Parts have been enlarged to twice ton, Suffolk, and Somerset, (thongh Nor the bulk of their precursors, it is announced to thampton soon after died,) was glad to be rid be still necessary to add two more Parts of of him. We could have no way so good to similar size; and thus, with index, lists, &c. effectuate that which was the common desire, &c. finish the publication in four volumes, as to bring in another in his room; one nail (as dividing the third into two portions, each equal the proverb is) being to be driven out by to Vols. I. and II. When we look at the another. It was now observed, that the king number of rare tracts here collected together, began to cast his eye upon George Villiers, and contemplate the mass of information which who was then cup-bearer, and seemed a modest presents us with so striking a picture of the and courteous youth. But King James had a manners of the age, we confess, that so far fashion, that he would never admit any so from being displeased at Mr. Nichols's obliga-nearness about himself but such an one as the tory departure from his plan, we are rejoiced at queen should commend unto him, and make the extension of his labours. If the days of some suit on his behalf; that if the queen afterpageant and chivalry are gone, it is a most wards, being ill-treated, should complain of agreeable recreation to revive their memory; this dear one, he might make his answer, 1 It and we know no source more pleasing than is long of yourself, for you were the party that these pages, wherein to study the amusements commended him unto me. Our old master and catch the fashions and feelings of our fore- took delight in things of this nature. That noble queen (who now resteth in heaven) fathers. So long ago as 1825 we reviewed with well-knew her husband well; and, having been merited eulogy the first seven Parts; and in bitten with favourites both in England and September last year, having noticed the appear- Scotland, was very shie to adventure upon this ance of other nine Parts, we made our readers request. King James, in the mean time, 1 acquainted with some of their entertaining contents. We have still, however, a great arrear of matter to handle before we shall have done any thing like justice to the author, and we must therefore crave a few papers for the illustration of his various and attractive intelligence.

In 1613, the Queen, Anne, visited Caversham House, on her way to Bath; and at the latter place we have the following anecdote of her bathing:

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and more loathed Somerset, and did not mad conceal it that his affection increased towards the other; but the queen would not come to it, albeit divers lords (whereof some are dead, and some yet living) did earnestly solicit her majesty thereunto. When it would not do, I was very much moved to put to my helping hand, they knowing that Queen Anne graciously pleased to give me more credit than ordinary, which all her attendants knew she continued till the time of her death. I laboured "About the conclusion of the sixteenth cen- much, but could not prevail; the queen of My lord, you and the rest of tury a new bath was erected by the liberality saying to me: of an individual. Mr. Bellot, the great bene- your friends know not what you do. I know factor to the church, was the author of this your master better than you all; for if this additional convenience to the city. He pur-young man be once brought in, the first pers chased a parcel of the priory land then on sale, that he will plague must be you that labour and constructed a large cistern on the spot, for him; yea, I shall have my part also. The the use of the poor. This cistern, which was king will teach him to despise and hardly called the New Bath, adjoined to the King's intreat us all, that he may seem to be beholden Bath, and was fed by its overflowings. It con- to none but himself.' Noble queen! how like tinued to bear this name, and to be appropriated a prophetess or oracle did you speak! N to the use of the poor, till the year 1615 [1613], withstanding this, we were still instant, telling when both its appellation and its services were her majesty, that the change would be for the changed. The occasion was as follows:-As better. For George was of a good natur?, Anne, the queen of King James the First, was which the other was not; and if he should bathing in the King's Bath, there arose from the degenerate, yet it would be a long time before bottom of the cistern, just by her majesty, a he were able to attain to that height of ful flame of fire, like a candle, which had no sooner which the other had. In the end, upon me ascended to the top of the water, than it spread portunity, Queen Anne condescended, and s itself upon the surface into a large circle of pressed it with the king, that he assented: light, and then became extinct. This so frighted which was so stricken while the iron was the queen, that, notwithstanding the physicians that in the queen's bed-chamber the kn assured her the light proceeded from a natural knighted him with the rapier which the pris cause, yet she would bathe no more in the King's did wear. And when the king gave order » Bath, but betook herself to the New Bath, swear him of the bed-chaanber Somen where there were no springs to cause the like importuned the king with a message, "that ir phenomena; and from thence the cistern was might be only sworn a groom. But my called the Queen's Bath. It was soon enlarged; and others, that were at the door, sent to and the citizens erecting a tower or cross in the majesty that she would perfect her work, middle of it, in honour of the queen, finished it cause him to be sworn a gentleman el de at the top with the figure of the crown of Eng-chamber. There is a lord or two living the land over a globe, on which was written, in had a hand in this achievement.” His majesty soon after this id letters of gold, Anna Regina Sacrum."

The introduction of the famous Duke of visit to Cambridge.

1

the month of March, in which it was acted, was not elapsed before he began to wish for a repetition of it. For this purpose, and to save himself the trouble of a journey to them, he endeavoured to prevail on the performers in it to come to London, and act there; but, failing in this attempt, he resolved on a second visit to Cambridge."

But even royal pleasures must be accompanied by some drawbacks.

"The delight which the comedy of Igno| "On the 8th, Mr. Chamberlain wrote thus for these sports about his person, as Sir George ramus had afforded the king was so great, that to Sir Dudley Carleton: The Frenchmen are Goring, Sir Edward Zouch, Sir John Finett, gone after their great entertainment, which and others, that could fit and obtemperate the was too great for such petty companions, spe- king's humour; for he loved such representacially that of the Lord Hay, which stood him tions and disguises in their masqueradoes, as in more than 2,200/., being rather a profusion were witty and sudden, the more ridiculous and spoil than reasonable or honourable pro- the more pleasant. And his new favourite vision, as you may guess at the rest by this being an excellent dancer brought that pastime scantling,of seven score pleasants, twelve into the greater request. To speak of his adpartridges in a dish throughout, twelve whole vancement by degrees were to lessen the king's salmons, and whatever else that cost and curi- love; for titles were heaped upon him; they osity could procare, in like superfluity; besides came rather like showers than drops. For as the workmanship and inventions of thirty cooks soon as Somerset declined, he mounted ;-such for twelve days. But the ill luck was, that the is the court motion ! chief and most desired guest was away; for the young Lady Sidney, with her sister Lady Lucy Percy, going some two or three days before the feast to visit their father in the Tower, after some few caresses he dismissed his daughter Sydney to go home to her husband, and to send her sister's maids to attend her, for that he meant not to part with her, lest that she should keep him company, adding withal, that he was a Percy, and could not endure that his daughter should dance any Scottish jigs. And there she continues, for aught I hear.'" After an absence of fourteen years from his

On Sunday, May 14, at nine of the clock, there was a sermon in St. Mary's; at half an hour past ten the king went to Trinity Chapel, where he heard prayers and an anthem, and then a clero (concio ad clerum) in Trinity, made by Mr. Simpson, of Trinity, which was an hour and half long, which seemed too tedious to his majesty; and therefore he shewed some distaste, not of the clero, for it was well and learnedly performed, but that the preacher had no care to prevent tediosity, he being wearled over night. The clero ended, there was another anthem sung and prayers, and then his majesty went to dinner."

In Part XIV. the trials of the Earl and Countess of Somerset have some new and in-native land, King James, in March 1616–17, teresting facts:

Of the relations between the throne and the judges, the subjoined affords an odd no

tion: br

set out to revisit it; and the accounts are full
of curious points.

"He now reigns sole monarch in the king's affection; every thing he doth is admired for the doer's sake. No man dances better, no man runs or jumps better; and, indeed, he jumps higher than ever Englishman did in so short time from a private gentleman to a dukedom. But the king is not well without him, his com pany is his solace; and the court grandees cannot be well but by him; so that all addresses are made to him, either for place or office, in court or commonwealth.'"

Jones's Travels in Russia, &c. (Third Notice.) HAVING devoted our last No. to those important views which Captain Jones's volumes take of the relative positions of Russia and Turkey, in the event of a war breaking out, we now, as we pro

which agreeably diversify the work. Crossing over the Don to its Asiatic bank, we have an account of the town of Azof, and a delectable reconnoissance of its hospitality, as connected with the entertainment which our countryman received from one of the most beautiful of its inhabitants, at whose house he was quartered. At Azof were a hundred Circassian prisoners, taken about three weeks before by the Cossacks, for whose release three chiefs had come to negociate.

"This day (says Mr. Chamberlain) was appointed to set forward for Scotland; but beboss The week before last, the Lord Coke cause it falls out this year, forsooth, to be a was called before the Lord Chancellor and Mr. dismal day, the king, queen, and prince re-posed, turn to the more miscellaneous features Attorney, who delivered him the king's plea-moved yesterday to Theobalds. On Monday sure, that he must forbear sitting in Westmin- the queen accompanies him to Ware, and then ster Hall ill further commandment; but in returns. The prince, lord treasurer, and secrethe mean time he might execute and perform tary, go so far as Huntingdon. The king tar what pertained to his place in his chamber. ries nine nights at Lincoln, four at York, and The next week we shall have the business of twelve at Newcastle, besides other places. Half the Premanire canvassed in the Star-chamber, the pensioners are gone with him; and twentywhere no doubt he will be glanced at, if not four of the chapel to follow by sea. It is like nearly pinched. Justice Warburton was in to prove a very costly voyage every way. The some disfavour for hanging a Scottish falconer Bishop of Winchester [Dr. Montague] carries of the king's at Oxford, contrary, they say, to with him, besides other provision, 2000 Jacobus express commandment of the king's that he pieces in specie. And you may think the rest should be reprieved. It was generally said that do what they can in that kind. I never knew he should be displaced, and have a writ of ease, a journey so generally misliked both here and as they call it; but, howsoever, it comes to there. The Lord Coke is left in the suds; but pass, he sits still in the Court of Common sure it is God's doing, according to the old sayPleas. Justice Winch likewise, and Serjeant ing, Perdere quos vult Jupiter, priùs dementat. Crew, are somewhat discountenanced for hang- For if he had had the grace to have taken hold ing certain witches in their circuit at Leices- of the match offered by Sir John Villiers, it is ter; whereas the king, coming that way, found out the juggling and imposture of the boy that counterfeited to be bewitched. It seems some ill planet hangs over our judges' heads here as in other places, that so many in so short time fall into disgrace."

Our next extract relates to different personages.

"The Virginia woman Poca-huntas, with her father Counsellor, have been with the king, and graciously used; and both she and her assistant well placed at the masque. She is upon her return, though sore against her will, if the wind would about to send them away.”

assuredly thought, that before this day he had
been Lord Chancellor. But standing upon
terms to give but 10,000 marks with his daugh-
ter, when 10,000l. were demanded, and stick-
ing at 10007. a year during his life, together
with some idle words that he would not buy
the king's favour too dear,-being so uncertain
and variable, he hath let slip the occasion, and
brought himself to danger, besides the disgrace
of paying double that sum, if he be convicted
in the Star-chamber of somewhat that is thought
will be proved against him.”

"He began the journey with the spring," says Wilson, warming the country as he went with the glories of the court; taking such reOn the 22d of June Mr. Chamberlain had informed his correspondent: Sir Thomas Dale (knighted at Rich-creations by the way as might best beguile the thond, June 19, 1606, see Vol. II. p. 51] is arrived from days and cut them shorter, but lengthen the Virginia, and brought with him some ten or twelve old nights (contrary to the seasons); for what with and young of that country, among whom the most remarkable person is Poca-huntas, daughter to Powatan, a hawking, hunting, and horse-racing, the days Mg of cacique of that country, married to one Rolfe, an quickly ran away-and the nights, with feastEnglishman. I hear not of any other riches or matter of worth, but only some quantity of sassafras, tobacco, pitch, ing, masquing, and dancing, were the more and clapboard, things of no great value, unless there were extended. And the king had fit instruments more plenty and nearer hand, All I can hear of it is, that the country is good to live in, if it were stored with peo- writes- The Virginian woman died at Gravesend as she , and might in time become commodious. But there was returning homeward; a melancholy fate not without is no present profit to be expected. But you may under-several parallel instances among those remarkable foreignstand more by himself, when he comes into those parts, ers of newly discovered nations which have visited Eng which he pretends to do within a month or little more. land, among whom will be remembered the King and On the 29th of March following, Mr. Chamberlain Queen of the Sandwich Islands in 1824,"

"The Circassians view with much jealousy the approach of the Russians to their frontier, and bear a deadly hatred to them, but particu larly to the Tchernomovsky Cossacks. All of those who fall into their hands, they treat most inhumanly. You will readily imagine that there is no love lost between them, or that they do not experience better treatment when retaliation can be inflicted without the knowledge of government, which forbids private revenge or punishment, reserving the latter to itself. The last winter, though extraordinarily late, was also, as at Petersburg, uncommonly severe; so much so, that the very unusual circumstance of the Kuban being frozen took place. The Circassians, availing themselves of the facility which the ice afforded, crossed over in predatory parties, probably with the connivance of their chiefs, although they disclaimed all knowledge of the circumstance. They continued robbing and ill-treating all who came within their power, so as to render travelling after dark absolutely impossible. Remonstrances were made in vain, and of which information was sent to General Yermoloff, the commander-in-chief residing in Georgia, who is accountable to no authority but the emperor's, and is invested with the power of life and death. He directed every measure to be taken for the protection of travellers during the continuation of the ice on the river, and the moment it should be open, to send a strong detachment across, and seize all the inhabitants of the first village they should come to. This had been executed about three weeks before my arrival,

628

THE LITERARY GAZETTE, AND

with very trithing loss, but not wit successmas, after a slight resistance, nearly all travelled more in the interior than most persons, we hear with great satisfac complete But I understand from a gentleman vel the armed males made their escape, so that only that the Circassian beauty, which we hear so Scassi and De Breux (two eminent comm has hitherto been most bar about one hundred old men, women, and child- much vaunted, is by no means general or com- settlers there) have it now in commission to ren, fell into the hands of the victors. They mon; but that when girls at a tender age give prohibit any such devastation in future; and it most inhumanly brought them prisoners over promise of it, the most extraordinary pains are has been also commanded to transmit to the the Kuban, and, I lament to say, have continued taken with them, and every means is resorted museum at Caffa all antiquities that may be as inhumanly to detain them, waiting for final to, in order to improve and heighten the charms discovered." But this latter order is charac orders from the commander-in-chief, who, before with their increasing years; this care as often terised as " damping the commendable ardour he decides, may probably make a reference to defeats as accomplishes the object. If the pa- of these two gentlemen, and depriving the the emperor; so that the chance of delivery for rents succeed, they prefer selling them to the treasures of half their value, by removing them these unfortunate people is still very distant, Turks and other rigid Mahometans, to marry- from their original situations of local interest." At the quarantine station we found three re-ing them even to the richest chiefs of the counmarkably fine, manly-looking chiefs, armed try: Self-interest or sordid motives may, and extremely clever, intelligent French enig, swith two sabres each, besides daggers, but no no doubt do, predominate in such transactions; employed by the director of the salt lakes He "M. de Breux (continues our author) i pistols, they having been left on the opposite but still the parents defend the practice, upon takes great interest in the discoveries for bank. After some conversation with them, in the principle of solicitude for their welfare and elucidation of the ancient history of Kerth which they expressed much indignation at the happiness, it being the only method which but having a large family, and being detention of the helpless captives, and solicitude parents have of improving the lot of their hand-paid, he had not the means of prosecuting for their release, we took our leave, in order to some daughters, who are destined at all events research. At length some of the patronal visit the prisoners in their place of confinement; for the harem. The rich Asiatic, who pays a arts in Russia sent him two thousand free and never did I behold such a disgraceful scene high price for a beautiful mistress, treats her dred rubles. With this sum he applied his of misery and distress, levelling the human with great kindness, convinced that his success to the task with great ardour, and species with the brute creation. Many of them with the fair ones in paradise will depend on ceeded in opening two of the tum were in a state of complete nudity, all the rest his behaviour to the sisterhood on earth. By by their hidden treasures, amply fe were nearly so, and the whole of them were being disposed of to rich Mussulmans, they are research. Highly elated atohis filthy to the vilest degree. Some were employed therefore sure to live in affluence, and in a making sure of protection, he in the most disgusting offices, in order to remedy state by no means degrading, according to Ma- ciously sent the whole to his patrons the effects of accumulated filth, occasioned not hometan notions, their prophet having permit- treasures (independent of their by any habitual want of cleanliness, but by the ted the seraglio. But if they fall into the hands being intrinsically worth mo restraint in which they are kept (the men being of their own chiefs, their lot is comparatively thousand rubles, his only ret even in chains). In this naked and desolate wretched, as they have very little respect for complimentary letters, but në state, their only bed was some old mats; they the fair sex. Such is the opinion of the Cir- further assistance so that in crowded together at dark, in order, by commu- cassian parents on this curious subject. A own spare cash, he is now obila nicating their animal heat, to court balmy sleep, Circassian prince, named Kess, is said to have lute poverty, to desist from and be thereby relieved for a few hours from a formerly reigned in the Krimea or Taurida, search. The following is his consciousness of their wretched and degrading upon whose death the throne was disputed by count of the opening of one state, as well as to escape from the cutting his two sons, Inal and Chaombek. After long [We translate it.]. pangs of hunger. I blush for the Christian and desolating warfare, without decided supe- I caused two trenches to be opened, character to be obliged to relate, that their riority on either side, they quitted it altogether; one on the north, the other on the west allowance of provisions did not appear to be the youngest sufficient to support nature. We might judge retiring to upper of Cabardian Circassia, while out the occurrence of dy of this more particularly from the avidity with the elder son, Inal, and his adherents, settled ance. At the depth of an archive in the Chaombek, and his followers, The first was dug to the depth of a sajèn which they supplicated, and the gratitude with in the lower, or Kuban. The descendants of trench, we found a vase of common ell which they seized on, pieces of bread and biscuit the latter are the miserable wretches that I which had been broken. As the trench lecito thrown to them by some humane women, much have just been describing. They are said to be deeper, fragments of stone, mingled with lim in the way in which you see scraps, &c. ignorant, and only nominal Mahometans; but shewed themselves; and at the depth of thrown to dogs by kind masters.The struggle the few priests whom they have among them sajène we discovered a wall of freestone, song to seize the prey amongst the mothers was are highly respected. The dress of the chiefs cast, the direction of which was from west equally strong and obstinate; but when the that I saw was light, neat, and becoming. The east. As this wall impeded the work, I ordered prize was gained, it was grateful to see the upper garment was furnished with an embroi-a part of it to be removed. Continuing dir maternal feelings of tenderness get the better dered pocket on each side for cartridges, and labours in the same direction, we discovered of the pangs of hunger, and the delighted appeared of strong dark-brown cloth. The another wall close to the first, but twice is mother resign her hard-earned prize into the vest had the appearance of, and no doubt was, much raised, that is to say, a sajène. Towards hands of her supplicating and tender infant. scale armour. The breeches were light, with the south we discovered another wall of the Moved by this horrible scene, I begged the straps at the knees; the one had boots, the same height as the first, and parallel to it. At officer to allow me to give a five-ruble note, in other two red-morocco slippers. Their heads the distance of a sajène, a large stone, two arorder to get them a general supply. This was were shorn, and covered with rather an elegant, chines high, was between the two, upright, sad explained to them, when they appeared to be melon-shaped, embroidered cap: all had mus-as if serving for a door. On one side it was » quite overcome with astonishment at the mag-taches. Their shaggy, felt cloaks, in common supported by the first wall, on the other by a nitude of the donation, for it appears they are use amongst all classes, were lying in the boat kind of pillar, attached to the last discovered never in the habit of receiving from the pious which had brought them over. On the oppo- wall. This stone was two archines high, by dames more than they perhaps consider suffi. site bank their fleet horses were waiting for one sajène long. We continued to clear away cient to satisfy their religious scruples. This, them. Every family of distinction boasts of this wall. Towards the east, at a sajène fre in general, is quite insufficient to appease the possessing a peculiar race of horses, which, the first pillar, another appeared, of the cravings of all, or indeed of any; and thereby, when young, are burned on the hind quarter proportion; and between the two were in all probability, it imposes in some instances with a particular mark. On this occasion, they bones of a corpse, which was under the works on the unsuccessful competitors the punishment act with the most scrupulous adherence to We also found there an oxidized ring, on of Tantalus, in addition to their already suffici- ancient customs, so that a person who should ing a small jasper stone, on which was engr ently aggravated misery. In the struggle, the attempt to burn a character expressing a noble a head of Apollo. In continuing to des morsel was often taken and retaken several times descent on a filly of common race, would, for the wall, which I have said was a sajéne *before final possession was obtained. If the fe- such forgery, forfeit his life. In general, the height, we found that it was the left partitio males had ever had any pretensions to beauty, horses are more famed for strength, hardiness, of a vault, the right side of which, os they had lost it during their barbarous captivity; and swiftness, than for superior symmetry." for I can with truth say, I never saw a group Having, in three hours, passed the Cimme- the roof; but it was only after having tak so totally devoid of even an approach to beauty, rian Bosphorus to Kerteh (the Panticaprum of out a fine black earth with which it was filled, the south, had crumbled away as well as half with the exception of fine dark eyes, which Strabo), where Mithridates died, but which is and some of the stones of the southern wall 1 occasionally shot a flash of brightness, in spite now an inconsiderable place, Captain Jones which were mingled with a portion of the arth of their encrusted eyelashes. In point of fea-supplies us with some curious information of which the tumulus was formed, that we dis tures, the males had greatly the advantage. relative to that place. Its antiquities have covered this vault. Their excellencies af. sp

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