trariis; a quibus ad genera formasque generum venerunt. Jam argumenti ratione conclusi caput esse faciunt ea quæ perspicua dicunt: deinde ordinem sequuntur; tum quid verum sit in singulis extrema conclusio est. Quanta autem ab illis varietas argumentorum ratione concludentium, eorumque cum captiosis interrogationibus dissimilitudo ! Quid, quod pluribus locis quasi denuntiant, ut neque sensuum fidem sine ratione, nec rationes sine sensibus exquiramus, atque ut eorum alterum ab altero ne separemus?-DF FINIBUS.

II.

Sic igitur inducto et constituto probabili, et eo quidem expedito, soluto, libero, nulla re implicato, vides profecto, Luculle, jacere jam illud tuum perspicuitatis patrocinium. Iisdem enim hic sapiens, de quo loquor, oculis, quibus iste vester cœlum, terram, mare intuebitur; iisdem sensibus reliqua, quæ sub quemque sensum cadunt, sentiet. Mare illud, quod nunc Favonio nascente purpureum videtur, idem huic nostro videbitur, nec tamen assentietur; quia nobismetipsis modo cæruleum videbatur, mane ravum; quodque nunc, qua a sole collucet, albescit et vibrat, dissimileque est proximo ei continenti: ut, etiam si possis rationem reddere cur id eveniat, tamen non possis, id verum esse quod videbatur oculis, defendere. Unde memoria, si nihil percipimus (sic enim quærebas)? Quid? meminisse visa nisi comprehensa non possumus? Quid? Polyænus, qui magnus mathematicus fuisse dicitur, is posteaquam Epicuro assentiens totam geometriam esse falsam credidit, num illa etiam quæ sciebat oblitus est? Atqui falsum quod est id percipi non potest, ut vobismetipsis placet. Si igitur memoria perceptarum comprehensarumque rerum est: omnia quæ quisque meminit, habet ea comprehensa atque percepta. Falsi autem comprehendi nihil potest: et omnia meminit Scyron Epicuri dogmata. Vera igitur illa sunt nunc omnia. Hoc per me licet. Sed tibi aut concedendum est ita esse, quod minime vis: aut memoriam mihi remittas oportet, et facile esse ei locum, etiam si comprehensio perceptioque nulla sit. Quid fiet artibus? Quibus? Iisne, quæ ipsæ fatentur conjectura se plus uti, quam scientia: an his, quæ tantum id, quod videtur, sequuntur, nec habent istam artem vestram, qua vera et falsa dijudicent?-ACADEM.

Callide enim, qui illa composuit, perfecit, ut, quodcumque accidisset, prædictum videretur, hominum et temporum definitione sublata. Adhibuit etiam latebram obscuritatis, ut iidem versus alias in aliam rem posse accommodari viderentur. Non esse autem illud carmen furentis, quum ipsum poema declarat (est enim magis artis et diligentiæ, quam incitationis et motus) tum verò ea, quæ áкpooтixíc dicitur, quum deinceps ex primis versuum litteris aliquid connectitur, ut in quibusdam Ennianis : id certe magis est attenti animi, quam furentis. Atque in Sibyllinis ex primo versu cujusque sententiæ primis litteris illius sententiæ carmen omne prætexitur. Hoc scriptoris est, non furentis; adhibentis diligentiam, non insani. Quamobrem Sibyllam quidem sepositam et conditam habeamus, ut, id quod proditum est a majoribus, injussu Senatus ne legantur quidem libri, valeantque ad deponendas potius quam ad suscipiendas religiones: cum antistitibus agamus, ut quidvis potius ex illis libris quam Regem proferant: quem Romæ posthæc nec Dii, nec homines esse patientur.-DE DIV.

Sic enim a me recitata lex est de suffragiis. "Optimatibus nota, plebi libera sunto." Quae lex hanc sententiam continet, ut omnes leges tolleret, quæ postea latæ sunt, quæ tegunt omni ratione suffragium, ne quis inspiciat tabellam, ne roget, ne appellet. Pontes etiam lex Maria fecit angustos. Quæ si opposita sunt ambitiosis, ut sunt fere, non reprehendo: sin valuerint tantum leges, ut ne sint ambitus; habeat sane populus tabellam, quasi vindicem libertatis, dum modo hæc optimo cuique et gravissimo civi ostendatur ultroque offeratur, uti in eo sit ipsa libertas, in quo populo potestas honeste bonis gratificandi datur. Eoque nunc fit illud, quod a te modo, Quinte, dictum est, ut minus multos tabella condemnet quam solebat vox, quia populo licere satis est. Hoc retento, reliqua voluntas auctoritati aut gratiæ traditur. Itaque, ut omittam largitione corrupta suffragia, non vides, si quando ambitus sileat, quæri in suffragiis quid optimi viri sentiant? Quamobrem lege nostra libertatis species datur, auctoritas bonorum retinetur, contentionis causa tollitur. Deinde sequitur, quibus jus sit cum populo agendi, aut cum Senatu. Gravis, et, ut arbitror, præclara lex. "Quæ cum populo, quæque in patribus agentur, modica sunto:" id est, modesta atque sedata. Actor enim et moderatur, et fingit non modo mentem ac voluntates, sed pæne vultus eorum, apud quos agit. Quod in Senatu non difficile est. Est enim Senator is, cujus non ad actorem referatur animus, sed qui per se ipse spectari velit. Huic jussa tria sunt: ut adsit: nam gravitatem res habet, quum frequens ordo est: ut loco dicat, id est, rogatus: ut modo, ne sit infinitus: nam brevitas, non modo Senatoris, sed etiam oratoris, magna laus est in sententia. Nec est umquam longa oratione utendum, nisi aut peccante Senatu, quod fit ambitione sæpissime, nullo magistratu adjuvante, tolli diem utile est: aut quum tanta caussa est, ut opus sit oratoris copia vel ad hortandum vel ad docendum : quorum generum in utroque magnus noster Cato est.-DE LEG.

Hoc loco Chrysippus æstuans falli sperat Chaldæos ceterosque divinos, neque eos usuros esse conjunctionibus, ut in sua percepta pronuntient, "Si quis natus est oriente Canicula, is in mari non morietur:" sed potius ita dicant, "Non et natus est quis oriente Canicula, et is in mari morietur." O licentiam jocularem! Ne ipse incidat in Diodorum, docet Chaldæos quo pacto eos exponere percepta oporteat. Quæro enim, si Chaldæi ita loquantur, ut negationes infinitarum conjunctionum potius, quam infinita connexa ponant: cur idem medici, cur geometræ, cur reliqui facere non possint? Medicus in primis, quod erit ei perspectum in arte, non ita proponet : "Si cui venæ sic moventur, is habet febrem :" sed potius illo modo, "Non ei venæ sic moventur, et febrem is non habet." Itemque geometres non ita dicet, "In sphæra maximi orbes medii inter se dividuntur:" sed potius illo modo, "Non et sunt in sphæra maximi orbes, et hi non medii inter se dividuntur."-DE FATO.

1. What Latin equivalents does Cicero employ for the words pavraσια, καταληπτον, προηγμένον, τελικόν, ὁμολογια, θεωρημα, αξιωμα, κατορθωμα, κατορθωσις, καθηκον, ἠδονη, ἐναργεια ? Mention any reasons he assigns for his choice, and distinguish the cases in which he professes to introduce a new word.

2. Trace the significations of the following words, and give their etymological history where known :-Fides, calumnia, vitium, peculium,

finis, dissolvo, disputo, officium, hostis.

Cicero's remark on the history

of hostis may be reversed with more truth?

3. Draw out a scheme of the divisions and subdivisions of officium.

4. Give an abstract of Cicero's discussion of verecundia.

5. Semper in fide, quid senseris, non quid dixeris cogitandum." What is the meaning of this maxim of Cicero's, and how does he apply it?

6. Enumerate Cicero's philosophical works, and give some account of the contents of each.

7. State what you consider to be his merits as a philosopher, and compare him with any other writer whom you conceive to resemble him in this respect.

MR. POOLE.

Translate the following into Greek Prose :

But when the German nations had been settled some time in the provinces of the Roman empire, they made still a new step towards a more cultivated life, and their criminal justice gradually improved and refined itself. The magistrate, whose office it was to guard public peace and to suppress private animosities, conceived himself to be injured by every injury done to any of his people; and besides the compensation to the person who suffered, or to his clan, he thought himself entitled to exact a fine, as an atonement for the breach of the peace, and as a reward for the pains which he had taken in accommodating the quarrel. When this idea, which is so natural, was once suggested, it was readily received both by magistrate and people. The numerous fines which were levied augmented the profits of the kind; and the people were sensible that he would be more vigilant in interposing with his good offices when he reaped such immediate advantage by them; and that injuries would be less frequent, when, besides compensation to the person injured, they were exposed to this additional penalty.

Translate the following into Latin Lyric Verse :

'Tis still a watchword to the earth:
When man would do a deed of worth,
He points to Greece, and turns to tread,
So sanction'd, on the tyrant's head.
He looks to her, and rushes on
Where life is lost or freedom won.
Still by the shore Alp mutely mused,
And woo'd the freshness Night diffused.
There shrinks no ebb in that tideless sea,
Which changeless rolls eternally;

So that wildest of waves, in their angriest mood,
Scarce break on the bounds of the land for a rood;
And the powerless moon beholds them flow,
Heedless if she come or go:

Calm on high, in main or bay,

On their course she hath no sway.

The rock unworn its base doth bare,

And looks o'er the surf, but it comes not there;
And the fringe of the foam may be seen below,
On the line that it left long ages ago:

A smooth short space of yellow sand
Between it and the greener land.

Translate the following into Latin Prose :

Notwithstanding a narrow contracted temper be that which obtains most in the world, we must not, therefore, conclude this to be the genuine characteristic of mankind; because there are some who delight in nothing so much as in doing good, and receive more of their happiness at second-hand, or by rebound from others, than by direct and immediate sensation. Now, though these heroic souls are but few, and to appearance so far advanced above the grovelling multitude, as if they were of another order of beings, yet in reality their nature is the same; moved by the same springs, and endowed with all the same essential qualities, only cleared, refined, and cultivated. Water is the same fluid body in winter and in summer; when it stands stiffened in ice as when it flows along in gentle streams, gladdening a thousand fields in its progress. It is a property of the heart of man to be diffusive; its kind wishes spread abroad over the face of the creation; and if there be those, as we may observe too many of them, who are all wrapped up in their own dear selves, without any visible concern for their species, let us suppose that their good nature is frozen, and, by the prevailing force of some contrary quality, restrained in its operations. I shall, therefore, endeavour to assign some of the principal checks upon this generous propension of the human soul, which will enable us to judge whether, and by what method, this most useful principle may be unfettered, and restored to its native freedom of exercise.

Translate the following into Greek Tragic Iambics :

Thus I ascend-nearer, I hope, to Heaven:
Nor do I fear to tread this dark black mansion,
The image of my grave; each foot we move
Goes to it still, each hour we leave behind us
Knolls sadly toward it. My noble brother,
For yet mine innocence dares call you so,
And you, the friends to virtue, that come hither,
The chorus to this tragic scene, behold me,
Behold me with your justice, not with pity;
My cause was ne'er so poor to ask compassion;
Behold me in this spotless white I wear,
The emblem of my life, of all my actions:
So ye shall find my story, though I perish.
Behold me in my sex: I am no soldier;
Tender and full of fears our blushing sex is,
Unharden'd with relentless thoughts, unhatch'd
With blood and bloody practice; alas! we tremble
When but an angry dream afflicts our fancies,
Die with a tale well told!

JUNIOR SOPHISTERS.

Mathematical Physics.

MECHANICS.

A.

MR. SALMON.

1. Find the force necessary to draw a carriage-wheel, whose weight W, and radius r, on a level road over an obstacle of height h.

2. A stone is dropped from the top of a tower three hundred feet high with what velocity should another stone be projected three seconds after wards, so as to strike the first just as it reaches the ground?

3. Find the direction of projection which corresponds to the maximun range on any plane, and the amount of the maximum range.

4. Determine the rectilinear motion of a particle acted on by a forc tending to a fixed point in the direction of its motion, and = g + μr.

5. Given the height of an inclined plane; find its length, so that a body m hanging vertically may draw a body n up the length in the least time. 6. Given two points above a horizontal plane; find a point in the plane such that the time of descending to it from one of the points, and ascending to the other with the acquired velocity, may be a minimum.

DR. SHAW.

7. A force equivalent to 11 grains weight, acting uniformly on a heavy particle, generates in it, in five seconds, a velocity of 28 feet per second: what is the weight of the particle, and what its mass expressed in cubic inches of water?

N. B.-Assume gravity to move a body through 16 ft. 1 inch per second, and water to weigh 252.5 grains per cubic foot.

8. If a single particle moving along any given line be acted on by an uniform force in a constant direction, the increase or diminution of its vis viva is twice the work done by the force. Prove this.

9. Let the gradient of a road be in one place 0, and at another place 0". Suppose the work done in drawing a cart up ten yards at the former place is to the work done in drawing it up the same distance at the latter place, in the ratio m: n. Deduce from this datum the coefficient of

traction.

10. If a particle in motion is deflected by a force which is constantly directed to a fixed centre, show that the radius vector from the centre to the particle describes areas which are proportional to the time. Show this (a) geometrically, and (6) from the differential equations of the particle's motion.

11. The two ends of a string are attached to fixed points. Knots are made at various points of the string, and from each knot a weight is sus