59. What is the earliest known political discourse of Demosthenes, and what gave occasion for it?

60. Who were the leaders of the Peace party at Athens in the time of Demosthenes?

61. What is the right view of the Theoric expenditure at Athens? 62. When was the recommendation of Demosthenes respecting that fund carried out?

63. Both Sparta and Athens had conspired to break down the most effective barrier against Macedonian supremacy?

64. When was the Oratio ad Philippum of Isocrates delivered, and what was the object of it?

PHILOLOGY.

MR. ABBOTT.

1. Bopp identifies sleep, vπvoc; eleven, Evdska,-state and illustrate the consonant changes which he supposes to have taken place.

2. Two Greek words preserve the σ of the article? Words of similar signification in other languages likewise preserve old forms of the same or other pronouns ?

3. Relics of the root êka in Latin and English?

4. Origin of the suffixes expressing degrees of comparison in Greek and Latin? Give instances of the suffix -tara in Latin and English. Analyze the English formations such as hindermost.

5. Proof that the nominative signs masc. and neut. are pronominal? 6. The Latin and Greek datives are distinct in their origin-prove this. 7. Origin of the Latin genitive in -rum. Its analogues in Greek? 8. Nature of the Greek termination pv (sing. and plur.)?

9. Account for the peculiarities in the declension of the pronouns. 10. Etymology of sed, mos, ne, immo, nam, credo, ve; and of the suffixes -lentus, -ies.

II. Etymology of οὖν, οὐ, δὲ, ἴδίος, ἤδη, τήνικα, and the termination -λίκος.

12. What are the affinities in the more ancient languages of the English words he, she, that, through, yea, your? Changes which the last has undergone, according to Bopp?

13. Principal theories of the origin of the Augment? Give Bopp's defence of his theory.

14. Analysis of the Greek future in ow?

15. What is the origin of the Latin future of the first and second conjugations?

16. Characteristics of the optative and conjunctive respectively, and their origin? Both Bopp and Pott's theories of the optative sign are supported by modern analogies?

17. The Latin conjunctive has three forms-origin of each? It would not be contrary to analogy that the conjunctive should combine the forms of two distinct moods?

18. Analysis of essem; of edɛižaμnv?

19. Traces in Latin and Greek etymology of the participial endings, ar, tri; ta, na, tâvya?

20. Examples of Causatives in Greek and Latin? Origin of the desiderative forms?

21. Bopp's theory of the origin of the Greek infinitive forms? 22. His explanation of compounds such as denoidaiμwv?

A. Justify Bopp's statement that all Indo-Germanic prepositions and genuine conjunctions, so far as their origin can be traced, originate in pronouns.

B. Draw out in a tabular form a list of the primitive person-endings; assign the origin of each, according to Bopp; give examples of their modified forms, and account briefly for the changes they have undergone.

C. Write a short essay on the application of Philology to historical investigations.

PROFESSOR STACK.

1. State the principal objections to which Niebuhr's method of historical criticism is liable.

2. Write a note on the progress of ancient geography, stating the principal steps in its advance.

3. Write an account of the speculations of the ancients connected with Atlantis.

4. Give an account of the origin and history of the factions at Carthage which led to her decline and fall.

5. State the difficulties connected with the history of the Catilinarian Conspiracy, and the nature of the evidence we have for it.

6. Give an account of the connexion of Julius Cæsar with the political parties of his time.

7. State what is known of the views of Julius Cæsar as to the reconstruction of the Roman Constitution.

8. Point out the political questions which were involved in the trial of Verres.

9. Write a note on the words Lares,-Manes,-Penates; and explain their place in the Roman religious system.

10. What is the history, and what the documentary value of the Monumentum Ancyranum?

11. Give a brief general account of the measures designed by Justinian for legal Reform, and of the nature of the evils which made such Reform necessary.

12. Compare the state of Egypt under Greek and Roman rule.

13. Compare the Greeks and Romans as to the existence among each of the aristocratic or family feeling, and point out some of the leading indications on this point.

GREEK GRAMMAR.

MR. POOLE.

1. In what cases is the positive adjective in Greek used as a comparative ?

2. Donaldson remarks that quasi-prepositions differ in two important respects from prepositions properly so called?

3. Notice the principal cases in which the relative may differ in gender from its antecedent.

4. A peculiar use of the aorist occurs in the Tragedians?

5. When a result or effect is expressed by wore, how are the cases distinguished in which an indicative and in which an infinitive are to be used?

6. When iva, is, öπws are joined with the indicative of an historic tense, what is the exact force of such clauses?

7. When does the infinitive require that the article be joined with it, and with what restriction is it used as an imperative?

8. If in the protasis the condition be supposed actually true, state and distinguish the different forms of the apodosis.

9. Distinguish the uses of the prepositions ¿k, áñó, πpós, and πapá, with the passive verb.

10. State the senses arising from the use of different cases after diapiρειν; and explain the sense of the genitive with δηλοῦν.

11. If a question asked be repeated at the commencement of the answer, how do the two expressions differ?

12. State the principal uses of the conjunction ovv. Donaldson distinguishes it from apa?

13. Donaldson argues on clause, ή δ' ἀέκουσα ἅμα τοῖσι γυνὴ κίεν, το show the real force of the article in Homer?

14. α. τὴν δ ̓ ἔξοδον ὀλεθρίαν Αἴαντος ἐλπίζει φέρειν. Explain construction of ὀλεθρίαν and of Αἴαντος.

6. Explain the construction of κόρον δ ̓ ἔχει, καὶ μέλι καὶ τὰ τέρπν ἄνθε ̓ ἀφροδίσια.

c. And of ὡς ἐμοῦ οὖν ἰόντος, ὅπη ἂν καὶ ὑμεῖς, οὕτω τὴν γνώμην ἔχετε.

d. And of πληγείς θυγατρὸς τῆς ἐμῆς.

LATIN GRAMMAR.

MR. DICKSON.

1. The original form of the locative may still be traced in some Latin words?

2. Hence reconcile the apparent discrepancy in the ordinary rules for expressing at a place, according as the noun is of the first, second, or third declension, and of the singular or plural number.

3. Hence also explain the origin of such adverbs as—

a. carptim, privatim, gradatim, &c.

b. clam, palam, jam, coram, &c.

c. igitur, propter, &c.

4. State accurately the distinction between the Gerundium and the Gerundivum, and discuss Donaldson's assertion, that "the form in -ndus is never a future, and bears no resemblance to the passive in form."

5. According to Donaldson's views, explain and translate literally the phrases

a. Lex de pecuniis repetundis.

b. Lege repetundarum damnatus est.

6. Madvig says,-" The gerundive (of transitive verbs) denotes something that must be done (is to be done);" but, according to Donaldson, the idea of necessity or of duty is derived from another source?

7. In the case of intransitive verbs, how is the gerundive generally used? How do the Greeks express the idea conveyed thereby?

8. The phrase, sed ambitionem scriptoris facile adverseris, has been corrected by Orelli-how, and on what grounds?

10. Discuss the forms Faxo, Ausim, Forem, Quæso.

11. What rules govern the construction of dum according as it signifies while or as long as ?

12. Set out methodically any grammatical peculiarities which you have observed in the writings of Tacitus.

Moderatorships in Logics and Ethicsa.

Examiners.

JOHN LEWIS MOORE, D. D.

JOHN A. MALET, D. D.

THOMAS E. WEBB, M. A., Professor of Moral Philosophy.
GEORGE LONGFIELD, M. A.

ROBERT CARMICHAEL, M. A.

PROFESSOR WEBB.

1. Discuss the question of Realism, Nominalism, and Conceptualism, with reference to the nature of the Platonic Idea.

2. Give the rationale of the following Platonic Paradoxes :a. "No man is voluntarily evil.”

b. "All virtue is one."

C.

"Virtue cannot be scholastically taught."

3. Εστιν ἄρα ἡ ἀρετὴ ἕξις προαιρετική, ἐν μεσότητι οὖσα τῇ πρὸς ἡμᾶς, ὡρισμένῃ λόγῳ, καὶ ὡς ἂν ὁ φρόνιμος ὁρίσειεν. Translate this Definition into the language of Modern Philosophy; state the process by which Aristotle arrives at it; and point out the signification of the various elements of which it is composed.

4. περὶ τοῦ μηθὲν εἶναι πρακτικωτέρους διὰ τὴν φρόνησιν τῶν κατ λων καὶ δικαίων, μικρὸν ἄνωθεν ἀρκτέον, λαβόντας ἀρχὴν ταύτην. Give the argument which follows this statement, and specify the various distinctions it involves.

5. Classify the various opinions "de Summo Bono," enumerated by Cicero, and specify the only opinions which he regards as agreeable to the dictates of Reason.

6. "Summum Bonum qui in unâ virtute ponunt et splendore nominis capti quid natura postulet non intelligunt, errore maximo si Epicurum audire voluerint, liberabuntur." Give a summary of the argument of Torquatus on this point, and Cicero's reply.

7. In opposition to Carneades, Cato contends "majorem multo inter Stoicos et Peripateticos rerum esse discrepantiam quam verborum." State the grounds of this assertion.

8. Give an outline of the various arguments by which Cicero endeavours to establish "animos remanere post mortem."

9. State the opinions of Epicurus, Hobbes, and Mandeville, with respect to the original elements in Human Nature, and show in what respects they fall short of the truth.

10. Give a classification of the various opinions which may be held on the following points :

a. The Nature of the Moral Principle.

b. The Criterion of Morality.

c. The Nature of Moral Obligation.

The following Questions contain only that part of the Examination which was conducted in writing.