Translate all the following passages into English Prose : I. Tandem Romani, diu ac sæpe connisi, æquâ fronte acieque densâ impulere hostium cuneum nimis tenuem, eoque parum validum, a ceterâ prominentem acie: impulsis deinde ac trepide referentibus pedem insistere: ac tenore uno per præceps pavore fugientium agmen in mediam primum aciem illati, postremo, nullo resistente, ad subsidia Afrorum pervenerunt; qui utrinque reductis alis constiterant, mediâ, quâ Galli Ĥispanique steterant, aliquantum prominente acie: qui cuneus ut pulsus æquavit frontem primum, deinde nitendo etiam sinum in medio dedit, Afri circa jam cornua fecerant; irruentibusque incaute in medium Romanis, circumdedere alas: mox, cornua extendendo, clausere et ab tergo hostes.-LIB. xxii. II. Siciliam ac Sardiniam, quæ ante bellum vectigales fuissent, vix præsides provinciarum exercitus alere: tributo sumptus suppeditari: quum ipsum tributum conferentium numerum tantis exercituum stragibus, et ad Trasimenum lacum, et ad Cannas, imminutum; tum, qui superessent pauci, si multiplici gravarentur stipendio, aliâ perituros peste. Itaque, nisi fide staret respublica, opibus non staturam. Prodeundum in concionem Fulvio prætori esse, indicandas populo publicas necessitates, cohortandosque, qui redempturis auxissent patrimonia, ut reipublicæ, ex quâ crevissent, ad tempus commodarent; conducerentque eâ lege præbenda, quæ ad exercitum Hispaniensem opus essent, ut, quum pecunia in ærario esset, iis primis solveretur.-LIB. xxiii. III. Consules quum ægre delectum conficerent, quod inopia juniorum non facile in utrumque, ut et novæ urbanæ legiones, et supplementum veteribus scriberetur, sufficiebat; senatus absistere eos incepto vetuit, et triumviros binos creari jussit: alteros, qui citra, alteros, qui ultra quinquagesimum lapidem in pagis, forisque, et conciliabulis omnem copiam ingenuorum inspicerent: et, si qui roboris satis ad ferenda arma habere viderentur, etiamsi nondum militari ætate essent, milites facerent. buni plebis, si iis videretur, ad populum ferrent, ut, qui minores septem et decem annis sacramento dixissent, iis perinde stipendia procederent, ac si septem et decem annorum, aut majores, milites facti essent.-LIB. XXV. Tri Translate one passage of each of the following pairs into English Prose : I. a. Tum consul, misso senatu, in concionem prodit, ibi "curæ esse Patribus," ostendit, "ut consulatur plebi; ceterum deliberationi de maximâ quidem illâ, sed tamen parte civitatis, metum pro universâ republicâ intervenisse. Nec posse, quum hostes prope ad portas essent, bello prævertisse quicquam: nec, si sit laxamenti aliquid, aut plebi honestum esse, nisi mercede prius acceptâ, arma pro patrià non cepisse; neque Patribus satis decorum, per metum potius, quam postmodo voluntate, afflictis civium suorum fortunis consuluisse." Concioni deinde edicto addidit fidem, quo edixit, "Ne quis civem Romanum vinctum aut clausum teneret, quo minus ei nominis edendi apud consules potestas fieret. Ne quis militis, donec in castris esset, bona possideret, aut venderet: liberos nepotesve ejus moraretur." Hoc proposito edicto, et qui aderant nexi profiteri extemplo nomina; et undique ex totâ urbe proripientium se ex privato, quum retinendi jus creditori non esset, concursus in forum, ut sacramento dicerent, fieri. b. Fabius concione extemplo advocatâ, obtestatus milites est, "ut, quâ virtute rempublicam ab infestissimis hostibus defendissent, eâdem se, cujus ductu auspicioque vicissent, ab impotenti crudelitate dictatoris tutarentur. Venire amentem invidiâ, iratum virtuti alienæ felicitatique; furere, quod, se absente, respublica egregie gesta esset: malle, si mutare fortunam posset, apud Samnites, quam Romanos victoriam esse. Imperium dictitare spretum, tanquam non eâdem mente pugnari vetuerit, quâ pugnatum doleat: et tunc invidiâ impedire virtutem alienam voluisse, cupidissimisque arma ablaturum fuisse militibus, ne, se absente, moveri possent et nunc id furere, id ægre pati, quod sine L. Papirio, non inermes, non manci milites fuerint, quod se Q. Fabius magistrum equitum duxerit, ac non accensum dictatoris. Quid illum facturum fuisse, si, quod belli casus ferunt, Marsque communis, adversa pugna evenisset." II. a. Quidnam eo Dii portenderent prodigio, missi sciscitatum oratores ad Delphicum oraculum: sed propior interpres fatis oblatus senior quidam Vejens, qui, inter cavillantes in stationibus ac custodiis milites Romanos Etruscosque, vaticinantis in modum cecinit, "Priusquam ex lacu Albano aqua emissa foret, nunquam potiturum Vejis Romanum." Quod primo, velut temere jactum, sperni, agitari deinde sermonibus cœptum est; donec unus ex statione Romanâ percunctatus proximum oppidanorum, (jam per longinquitatem belli commercio sermonum facto) quisnam is esset, qui per ambages de lacu Albano jaceret? postquam audivit aruspicem esse, vir haud intacti religione animi, causatus de privati portenti procuratione, si operæ illi esset, consulere velle, ad colloquium vatem elicuit. b. Gens ferox et ingenii avidi ad pugnam, quum, procul visis Romanorum signis, ut extemplo prœlium initura, explicuisset aciem; postquam neque in æquum demitti agmen vidit, et quum loci altitudine, tum vallo etiam integi Romanos, perculsos pavore rata, simul opportuniores, quod intenti tum maxime operi essent, truci clamore aggreditur. Ab Romanis nec opus intermissum, (triarii erant, qui muniebant) et ab hastatis principibusque, qui pro munitoribus intenti armatique steterant, prælium initum. Præter virtutem locus quoque superior adjuvit, ut pila omnia hastæque non, tanquam ex æquo missa, vana (quod plerumque fit) caderent, sed omnia librata ponderibus figerentur; oneratique telis Galli, quibus aut corpora transfixa, aut prægravata inhærentibus gerebant scuta, quum cursu pene in adversum subissent, primo incerti restitere: dein, quum ipsa cunctatio et his animos minuisset, et auxisset hosti, impulsi retro ruere alii super alios. 1. Write notes, where required by the sense or construction, on the first three passages. 2. That the Romans should have a special preference for historical writing was natural—why? and notice a marked proof of this fact. 3. Merivale compares Livy with Shakspeare—in what respect? 4. At what period of Roman history does the first decade of Livy close, and state the occurrences then taking place in Greece? 5. Contrast the powers of the popular assembly at Carthage with those of the Comitia Centuriata and Tributa at Rome. 6. What caused the first serious interference of Rome on the eastern coast of the Adriatic? 7. Write short notes, giving dates, on the occurrences connected with Metellus, Catulus, and Marcellus in the Punic Wars. 8. Notice some of Livy's chief defects as a historian. Even his inconsistencies, however, are sometimes valuable? State also some of the chief historical writers who lived at the same time. 9. The future participle in Latin differs from the present and past participles in a remarkable way? 10. How is the position of relative words in a sentence determined? 11. The use of super with the ablative is more restricted in prose than in poetry? 12. Draw a Map of Italy, marking on it the States, and also the localities of the important battles in the second Punic War. MR. ABBOTT. Translate the following passage into Greek Prose : Nos autem, qui nec ob quam causam nec quemadmodum perierit Demetrius scimus, nec quid Philippus, si vixisset, facturus fuerit, ad hæc quæ palam geruntur consilia nostra accommodare oportet. Ac scimus Persea regno accepto legatos Romam misisse, ac regem a populo Romano appellatum; audimus legatos Romanos venisse ad regem, et eos benigne exceptos, hæc omnia pacis equidem signa esse judico, non belli; nec Romanos offendi posse, si ut bellum gerentes eos secuti sumus, nunc quoque pacis auctores sequamur. Cur quidem nos inexpiabile omnium soli belÎum adversus regnum Macedonum geramus, non video. Opportuni propinquitate ipsa Macedoniæ sumus? an infirmissimi omnium, tanquam, quos nuper subjecit, Dolopes? immo contra ea vel viribus nostris, deum benignitate, vel regionis intervallo tuti. Sed simus æque subjecti ac Thessali Ætolique: nihilo plus fidei auctoritatisque habemus adversus Romanos, qui semper socii atque amici fuimus, quam Ætoli, qui paullo ante hostes fuerunt? Quod Etolis, quod Thessalis, quod Epirotis, omni denique Græciæ cum Macedonibus juris est, idem et nobis sit.-Livy. Translate the following passage into Greek Verse: First, let me tell you whom you have condemn'd. Translate the following passage into Latin Prose: SHAKSPEARE. The invitation of the ministers and generals, at Nice, was of little moment, unless it were confirmed by the voice of the army. The aged Sallust, who had long observed the irregular fluctuations of popular assemblies, proposed, under pain of death, that none of those persons whose rank in the service might excite a party in their favour, should appear in public on the day of the inauguration. Yet such was the prevalence of ancient superstition, that a whole day was voluntarily added to this dangerous interval, because it happened to be the intercalation of the Bissextile. At length, when the hour was supposed to be propitious, Valentinian showed himself from a lofty tribunal; the judicious choice was applauded; and the new prince was solemnly invested with the diadem and the purple, amidst the acclamation of the troops who were disposed in martial order round the tribunal. But when he stretched forth his hand to address the armed multitude, a busy whisper was accidentally started in the ranks, and insensibly swelled into a loud and imperious clamour, that he should name without delay a colleague in the empire. Translate the following passage into Latin Lyric Verse :— And, sitting, burnished without fear τὸ δὲ ὑμῖν πολὺ ἐναντίον ἀποβήσεται, ὡς ἐγώ φημι. πλείους ἔσονται ὑμᾶς οἱ ἐλέγχοντες, οὓς νῦν ἐγὼ κατεῖχον, ὑμεῖς δὲ οὐκ ᾔσθάνεσθε· καὶ χαλεπώτεροι ἔσονται ὅσῳ νεώτεροί εἰσι, καὶ ὑμεῖς μᾶλλον ἀγανακ τήσετε. εἰ γὰρ οἴεσθε ἀποκτείνοντες ἀνθρώπους ἐπισχήσειν τοῦ ὀνειδίζειν τινὰ ὑμῖν, ὅτι οὐκ ὀρθῶς ζῆτε, οὐκ ὀρθῶς διανοεῖσθε· οὐ γάρ ἐσθ' αὕτη ἡ ἀπαλλαγὴ οὔτε πάνυ δυνατὴ οὔτε καλή, ἀλλ' ἐκείνη καὶ καλλίστη καὶ ῥάστη, μὴ τοὺς ἄλλους κολούειν, ἀλλ ̓ ἑαυτὸν παρασκευάζειν, ὅπως ἔσται ὡς βέλτιστος.-PLATO, ap. Soc. II. Οὐδὲν χαλεπόν, ἦ δ' ὅς, ἐννοῆσαι ὃ λέγω· ἀλλ ̓ οἷον εἰ τὸ καταδαρ θάνειν μὲν εἴη, τὸ δ' ἀνεγείρεσθαι μὴ ἀνταποδιδοίη γιγνόμενον ἐκ τοῦ καθεύδοντος, οἶσθ ̓ ὅτι τελευτῶντα πάντ ̓ ἂν λῆρον τὸν Ἐνδυμίωνα ἀποδείξειε καὶ οὐδαμοῦ ἂν φαίνοιτο, διὰ τὸ καὶ τἆλλα πάντα ταὐτὸν ἐκείνῳ πεπονθέναι, καθεύδειν κἂν εἰ ξυγκρίνοιτο μὲν πάντα, διακρίνοιτο δὲ μή, ταχὺ ἂν τὸ τοῦ ̓Αναξαγόρου γεγονὸς εἴη, ὁμοῦ πάντα χρήματα. ὡσαύτως δέ, ὦ φίλε Κέβης, καὶ εἰ ἀποθνήσκοι μὲν πάντα, ὅσα τοῦ ζῆν μεταλάβοι, ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἀποθάνοι, μένοι ἐν τούτῳ τῷ σχήματι τὰ τεθνεῶτα καὶ μὴ πάλιν ἀναβιώσκοιτο, ἆρ ̓ οὐ πολλὴ ἀνάγκη τελευτῶντα πάντα τεθνάναι καὶ μηδὲν ζῆν; εἰ γὰρ ἐκ μὲν τῶν ἄλλων τὰ ζῶντα γίγνοιτο, τὰ δὲ ζῶντα θνήσκοι, τίς μηχανὴ μὴ οὐχὶ πάντα καταναλωθήναι εἰς τὸ τεθνάναι.-PLATO, Phado. III. Ενδοῦνται δέ, ὥσπερ εἰκός, εἰς τοιαῦτα ἤθη, ὁποῖ ̓ ἄττ' ἂν καὶ μεμε λετηκυῖαι τύχωσιν ἐν τῷ βίῳ. Τὰ ποῖα δὴ ταῦτα λέγεις, ὦ Σώκρατες; Οἷον τοὺς μὲν γαστριμαργίας τε καὶ ὕβρεις καὶ φιλοποσίας μεμελετη |