Environmental Chemodynamics: Movement of Chemicals in Air, Water, and SoilJohn Wiley & Sons, 15 feb 1996 - 624 pagine What happens to a chemical once it enters the natural environment?How do its physical and chemical properties influence itstransport, persistence, and partitioning in the biosphere? How donatural forces influence its distribution? How are the answers tothese questions useful in making toxicological and epidemiologicalforecasts? Environmental Chemodynamics, Second Edition introduces readers tothe concepts, tools, and techniques currently used to answer theseand other critical questions about the fate and transport ofchemicals in the natural environment. Like its critically acclaimedpredecessor, its main focus is on the mechanisms and rates ofmovement of chemicals across the air/soil, soil/water, andwater/air interfaces, and on how natural processes work to mobilizechemicals near and across interfaces--information vital toperforming human and ecological risk assessments. Also consistent with the first edition, EnvironmentalChemodynamics, Second Edition is organized to accommodate readersof every level of experience. The first section is devoted totheoretical underpinnings and includes discussions of mass balance,thermodynamics, transport science concepts, and more. The secondsection concentrates on practical aspects, including the movementbetween bed-sediment and water, movement between soil and air, andintraphase chemical behavior. This revised and updated edition of Louis J. Thibodeaux's 1979classic features new or expanded coverage of: * Equilibrium models for environmental compartments * Dry deposition of particles and vapors onto water and soilsurfaces * Chemical profiles in rivers and estuaries, particles and porousmedia * Fate and transport in the atmospheric boundary layer and withinsubterranean media * Chemical exchange between water column and bed-sediment * Intraphase chemical transport and fate This Second Edition of Environmental Chemodynamics also includestwice as many references and 50% more exercises and practiceproblems. |
Sommario
Introduction | 1 |
Equilibrium at Environmental Interfaces | 58 |
Transport Fundamentals | 100 |
17 | 153 |
121 | 169 |
Chemical Exchange Between Water and Adjoining | 258 |
Chemical Exchange Between Air and Soil | 369 |
Parole e frasi comuni
adiabatic lapse rate adsorption advection air-water interface applies aqueous assumed atmosphere average benthic benzene bioturbation bottom boundary layer calculated chemical species chemodynamic cm/h cm/s cm²/s component concentration profile constant contains density deposition depth desorption dieldrin diffusion coefficient dimensionless dispersion dissolution eddy diffusivity environment environmental epilimnion equation equilibrium estimate estuary Figure flow fluid flux rate function gradient h₂ heat transfer Henry's law heptachlor hypolimnion lake liquid mass transfer coefficient material mg/L mixing mole fraction molecular diffusion molecules obtained occurs ocean oxygen P₁₂ particles partition coefficient pesticide phase plume pollutant porewater porosity porous media Problem processes pycnocline quantity radon reaction River sediment shown in Fig soil surface solid solubility solution sorbed steady-state stream sublayer substance Table temperature thermal thermocline turbulent diffusion values vapor pressure velocity vertical volatile waste water bodies water column wind speed yields zone