deditus fuit, quam qui illum ignorabant arbitrabantur: nec vero ineunte aetate solum, sed et pro 'quaestore aliquot annos, et in ipso bello, in quo ita magna rei militaris esse occupatio solet, ut non multum imperatori sub ipsis pellibus otii relinquatur. Quum autem e philosophis ingenio scientiaque putaretur Antiochus, Philonis auditor, excellere, eum secum et quaestor habuit et post aliquot annos imperator: quumque esset ea memoria quam ante dixi, ea saepe audiendo facile cognovit, quae vel semel audita meminisse potuisset. Delectabatur autem mirifice lectione librorum, de quibus > audiebat.

Ac vereor interdum ne talium personarum, quum amplificare velim, minuam etiam gloriam. Sunt enim multi qui omnino Graecas non ament litteras: plures, qui philosophiam reliqui, etiamsi haec non improbent, tamen 5 earum rerum disputationem principibus civitatis non ita decoram putant. Ego autem, quum Graecas litteras M. Catonem in senectute didicisse acceperim, P. autem Africani historiae loquantur in legatione illa nobili, quam ante censuram obiit, Panaetium unum omnino comitem fuisse : o nec litterarum Graecarum, nec philosophiae iam ullum auctorem requiro.

NOTES.

1. 1. Publium Scipionem. Scipio Africanus Major, the conqueror of Hannibal at Zama. Africanus' was an agnomen given to him to commemorate his victory.

2. Cato. The first of the famous men of this name, known by the titles, ' Major,' to distinguish him from Cato Uticensis, and 'Censorius,' in commemoration of his famous censorship in 184 B. C. He was Quaestor under Scipio in his expedition to Africa.

7. Neque cessaret unquam, 'was never utterly idle.' 'Neque'='et non': as the 'et' here = 'both' it is better omitted in English.

2. 1. Quum abrogabat, 'in depriving'; 'quum' followed by indic. in past time, because the action is simultaneous with that of the principal verb, 4. Principes, the leading men of the State.'

Cognationem, all the kindred.'

8. Propter honestatem, 'because it was honourable.'

·

10. Species utilitatis, a false expediency.'

11. Cui quum-regnare, ‘and so, thinking it more expedient to reign alone than in partnership.'

14. Muri causam opposuit, alleged in his defence the matter of the wall.' Opposuit,' lit.' opposed to his accusers,'' met his accusers with.' 'Muri causam' refers to the well-known story of Remus in mockery leaping over the wall which Romulus had built round his new city.

16. Pace dixerim, 'I would say it with his leave, be he Quirinus or Romulus,' i. e. whether he be a god or mere man. Quirinus was the title under which Romulus was worshipped after death.

3. 4. A me, 'from my house.' 14. Occupatum interemit,

The speaker is Cato the Censor. attacked and slew.' Occupo' always suggests the notion of anticipating another party; and so it means to assail another before he attacks you.

16. Viatores. In later times 'viatores' were the attendants of the inferior magistrates, such as had no 'imperium,' corresponding to the lictors of the higher. Here it is used for the messengers of the Senate.

4. I. Ad me. The speaker is C. Laelius, the intimate friend of Scipio Africanus Minor.

Aderam in consilio, 'was one of the supporters of': 'consilium,' a body of men summoned by the Consuls to deliberate with and advise them.

II. Quaestione nova, the second commission of inquiry.'

12. Poenas persolvit. He fled to Aristonicus, king of Pergamus, then at war with the Romans. Aristonicus was soon conquered, and Blossius, to avoid falling into the hands of the Romans, committed suicide.

5. 1. Legem frumentariam. By this law C. Gracchus enacted that every month corn should be sold at a low fixed price to the poor citizens. It is called by Arnold a Roman poor-law,' and he styles it an unjust and impracticable one. (Rom. Commonwealth, vol. 1. p. 99.)

2. Consularis, though of consular rank.'

4. Qui sibi constet, 'how it was consistent in him'; literally, 'how he agreed with himself.' Qui is the old abl.

Ea lege, quam dissuaserit, 'under a law which he had spoken against.'

5. Nolim tibi libeat, I should not like you to take a fancy.' Another reading is 'liceat.'

7. Parumne declaravit, 'Did he not plainly assert?' 'Parumne'= 'nonne satis.'

6. 1. Dionysius. This was Dionysius the younger, who succeeded his father as tyrant of Syracuse, but was driven out, first by Dion, then by Timoleon. It was after this second expulsion that he retired to Corinth. 2. Carere, 'do without.'

7. 1. Ultro intulisset bellum, had attacked the Romans.' • Ultro' means 'without previous provocation from them.'

4. Posuisset, offered,' literally, 'put down,' i. e. as a prize to be won. Virg. Aen. 5. 292 ‘Invitat pretiis animos et praemia ponit.' Another reading is 'proposuisset.'

8. 1. Medicus. Rich men often had among their slaves some that understood medicine and surgery. See Dict. of Ant. under 'Medicus.'

2. Armarium: properly a chest or box for tools or implements ( arma"): then any chest. From it come French armoire,' English aumry' or ' ambry.'

3. Sciret is subj. because in quo ='et in eo,' and so the 'quum' affects both verbs, the sentences being really coordinate.

5. H. S. the usual abbreviation either for 'sestertii or 'sestertia.' See Dict. of Antiq. under 'Sestertius.' Here it probably stands for 150 sestertia = 150,000 sestertii, as in sestertii it would make too small a sum to tempt him to such a crime.

Pondo, originally an ablative of a subst. 'pondus,' 'pondi,' afterwards obsolete, meaning' in weight.' Being constantly applied to the pound weight, ' libra,' it came to be used as an indeclinable subst. meaning 'a pound,' the English word being derived from it.

7. Non comparebant, were not forthcoming.'

II. In rebus minutis, among other small matters.'

14. Coactoribus. 'Coactores' was a name applied to collectors' of various kinds. Here it means persons who collected the money from the purchasers of goods sold at auctions. It is also applied to the collectors who acted under the 'publicani' to collect the taxes they farmed for them. Horace's father was a 'coactor' in this sense: S. 1. 6, 86.

Invenitur pervenisse, 'is proved to have been in Strato's possession.' 9. 1. A. F., 'Auli filio.'

6

2. Diem dixit, 'impeached, named a day for his trial.' The first step in a trial was for the accuser to declare that he would on a certain day accuse the person whom he had named, of some specific crime. Dict. of Ant. 'Judicium.' Quod-addidisset, because he had kept his dictatorship a few days over the legal time.' The limit fixed by law was six months. Addidisset,' subj., as being oratio obliqua, giving the tribune's reason. Livy, 7. 4, says he was impeached for his cruelties when in office. Probably the one was the technical ground, the other the real reason of the impeachment.

5. Quod relegasset; subj. for the same reason as 'addidisset' above. Quod quum audivisset. Quod' is here the acc. of the relative pronoun, and the sentence 'negotium exhiberi patri' is in apposition with it. 6. Negotium exhiberi patri, 'that his father was in trouble.'

8. Qui-arbitraretur, 'as he thought.' Qui' is causal, and so takes subj.

13. Missum facturum,' would set at liberty.'

Ad Veserim. The famous battle in the Latin war, usually called the battle under Mount Vesuvius. What Veseris was, or where it was situated, are questions to which we can give no answer.' Arnold, Hist. vol. 2. ch. 29.

21. Acerbe severus. He caused his son to be beheaded before the army for engaging in single combat with a Latin soldier, contrary to his order, just before the battle. Manliana imperia' came from this to be a proverb for extreme severity of discipline.

10. I. Ego. The speaker here is Cato the Censor.

3. Condita; from 'condio,'' seasoned.'

4. Eum colere,' to cultivate his acquaintance.'

5. Anno post-quam natus sum, 'the year after I was born,' 233 B. C. Observe the order of the words; 'post' is usually separated from 'quam' in giving dates in this way; 'ante' follows the same arrangement.

II. Suasor fuit, spoke in favour of.'

Legis Cinciae. The Lex Cincia was passed in 204 B. C. Its object was to control and prevent foolish and hasty gifts by requiring certain formalities, and enacting limitations to them.

24. C. Flaminio. The same who was afterwards defeated and killed in the battle at the Lake Thrasymenus. As tribune, 232 B.C., he carried, by a 'plebiscitum' ('contra senatus auctoritatem '), an agrarian law for distributing land lately conquered in the north of Italy.