(Aurato...sinu) "With gold-embroidered robe."

The sinus was

properly the large plait or fold formed by the toga or palla across the breast, and on the skilful arrangement of this the graceful effect of the drapery chiefly depended.

7. (Rapidos soles.) The epithet rapidus is appropriately applied to a swift flashing, flame, or the swift darting rays of the sun.

Aestuat ut clausis rapidus fornacibus ignis. Virg. G. IV. 63.

Ne tenues pluviæ rapidive potentia solis, &c. Ibid. I. 92.

Umbraculum will signify anything that affords shade, here it is a parasol and so Ov. A. A. II. 209.

Ipse tene distenta suis umbracula virgis.

In Tibull. II. v. 97. p. 27 it means a temporary tent, in Virg. Ecl. IX. 42, the shadowy umbrage of the vines

...hic candida populus antro

Imminet et lentæ texunt umbracula vites.

and in Cicero a school of philosophy, an application of the term derived from the groves of Academe and other shady retreats where the Athenian sages were wont to discourse to their disciples. Thus De Legg. III. 6.

" Post a Theophrasto Phalereus ille Demetrius mirabiliter doctrinam et umbraculis eruditorum, otioque, non modo in solem atque pulverem, sed in ipsum discrimen aciemque produxit.” and again, Brut. g. "e. Theophrasti doctissimi hominis umbraculis."

9. (Tmoli vineta.) Tmolus was the name of a lofty group of hills in the centre of Lydia, from which descend the head-waters of the Pactolus and the Caystrus. Its slopes were celebrated for the wine which they yielded, and hence the district is here termed nemus Bacchi. Compare Ov. Met. VI. 15.

Deseruere sui Nymphæ vineta Timoli.

and Virg. G. II. 97.

Sunt et Amineæ vites, firmissima vina,
Tmolius assurgit quibus, et rex ipse Phanæus.

The saffron also of this region was celebrated, Virg. G. I. 56

.Nonne vides, croceos ut Tmolus odores,
India mittit ebur, molles sua tura Sabæi.

11. (Laqueata.) "Fretted." Laquear and lacunar are the two words employed to denote a a fretted roof. The former derived from laqueus, denotes tracery work in the form of knots or nooses; the latter from lacus, the ornamented hollows or cavities which still may be seen in the ceilings of some ancient buildings. Gothic architecture affords examples of every variety of both kinds of ornaments.

11. (Laqueataque.) Observe that que is here out of its proper place; a prose writer would have said "laqueata tophis pumiceque vivo." See note on Tibull. I, i. 51.

(Tophis...pumice.) The Romans gave the name of tophus (or tofus) to a rough coarse grained stone of volcanic origin, found in great quantities in the neighbourhood of Rome, and now called tufo. Scaber is the distinctive epithet applied by Virgil, to which Pliny adds friabilis. Pumex is another volcanic product, but of a much finer texture; it has always been extensively used in the arts for smoothing and polishing rough surfaces. In the poets both these words are equivalent to native or living rock. Thus in the exquisite lines of Juvenal on the marble decorated fountain of Egeria,

In vallem Egeriæ descendimus, et speluncas
Dissimiles veris, quanto præstantius esset

Numen aquæ, viridi si margine clauderet undas

Herba, nec ingenuum violarent marmora tophum. S. III. 17.

and Ov. Met. III. 175.

Cuius in extremo antrum est nemorale recessu,
Arte laboratum nulla, simulaverat artem,

Ingenio natura suo, nam pumice vivo,

Et levibus tophis nativum duxerat arcum.

12. (Garrulus,) "babbling." So Horace of the Bandusian fount,

Fies nobilium tu quoque fontium,=Me dicente cavis impositam ilicem

Saxis; unde loquaces-Lymphæ desiliunt tuæ.

15. (Gatulo murice.) See note p. 420.

17. (Vincla relaxat.) He bursts the strings by which the tunic was drawn tight at the wrist.

22. The order of the words is "Et tela minora condita in sua pharetra," the arrows are called tela minora, lesser weapons, in com

parison with the heavy club; sua pharetra the quiver which belonged to them.

23. (Sic.) In this guise, Hercules attired in the robes of Omphale -Omphale equipped with the accoutrements of the hero.

OVID. FASTI. II. 193.

INTRODUCTION.

THE best introduction to this extract, which contains the famous legend of the destruction of the Fabian clan, all, save one, will be the narrative of Livy. II. 48. 49.

"Sed Veiens hostis, assiduus magis, quam gravis, contumeliis sæpius, quam periculo, animos agitabat: quod nullo tempore negligi poterat, aut averti alio sinebat. Tum Fabia gens senatum adiit, consul pro gente loquitur: Assiduo magis, quam magno, præsidio, ut scitis, Patres conscripti, bellum Veiens eget, Vos alia bella curate: Fabios hostes Veientibus date. Auctores sumus, tutam ibi maiestatem Romani nominis fore. Nostrum id nobis velut familiare bellum,

privato sumptu gerere in animo est. cunia vacet. Gratiæ ingentes actæ.

Respublica et milite illic et pe

Consul e curia egressus, comi

tante Fabiorum agmine, qui in vestibulo curiæ, senatusconsultum exspectantes, steterant, domum rediit. Jussi armati postero die ad limen consulis adesse, domos inde discedunt.

Manat tota urbe rumor: Fabios ad cœlum laudibus ferunt. Familiam unam subisse civitatis onus: Veiens bellum in privatam curam, in privata arma versum. Si sint duæ roboris eiusdem in urbe gentes; deposcant, hæc Volscos sibi, illa quos: populo Romano tranquillam pacem agente, omnes finitimos subigi populos posse. Fabii postero die arma capiunt, quo iussi erant, conveniunt. Consul, paludatus egrediens, in vestibulo gentem omnem suam instructo agmine videt, acceptus in medium, signa ferri jubet. Nunquam exercitus neque minor numero, neque clarior fama et admiratione hominum, per urbem incessit. Sex et trecenti milites, omnes patricii, omnes unius gentis, quorum neminem ducem sperneret egregius quibuslibet temporibus senatus, ibant unius familiæ viribus Veienti populo pestem minitantes.

Sequebatur turba, propria alia cognatorum sodaliumque, nihil medium nec spem, nec curam, sed immensa omnia volventium animo; alia, publica, sollicitudine excitata, favore et admiratione stupens; 'ire fortes, ire felices' iubent, inceptis eventus pares reddere: consulatus inde ac triumphos, omnia præmia ab se, omnes honores sperare.' Prætereuntibus Capitolium arcemque et alia templa, quicquid Deorum oculis, quicquid animo occurrit, precantur, ut illud agmen faustum atque felix mittant, sospites brevi in patriam ad parentes restituant. Incassum missæ preces. Infelici via dextro Iano portæ Carmentalis profecti, ad Cremeram flumen perveniunt. is opportunus visus locus communiendo præsidio. L. Æmilius inde et C. Servilius consules facti. et, donec nihil aliud quam in populationibus res fuit, non ad præsidium modo tutandum Fabii satis erant, sed tota regione, qua Tuscus ager Romano adiacet, sua tuta omnia, infesta hostium, vagantes per utrumque finem, fecere. Intervallum deinde haud magnum populationibus fuit: dum et Veientes, accito ex Etruria exercitu, præsidium Cremeræ oppugnant: et Romanæ legiones, ab L. Æmilio consule adductæ, cominus cum Etruscis dimicant acie. quanquam vix dirigendi aciem spatium Veientibus fuit. adeo inter primam trepidationem, dum post signa ordines introeunt, subsidiaqué locant, invecta subito ab latere Romana equitum ala, non pugnæ modo incipiendæ, sed consistendi, ademit locum. Ita, fusi retro ad saxa Rubra, (ibi castra habebant) pacem supplices petunt. cuius impetratæ, ab insita animis levitate, ante deductum Cremera Romanum præsidium, pœnituit.

Rursus cum Fabiis erat Veienti populo, sine ullo maioris belli apparatu, certamen: nec erant incursiones modo in agros, aut subiti impetus incursantium, sed aliquoties æquo campo collatisque signis certatum. gensque una populi Romani sæpe ex opulentissima, ut tum res erant, Etrusca civitate victoriam tulit. Id primo acerbum indignumque Veientibus visum. inde consilium ex re natum insidiis ferocem hostem captandi: gaudere etiam, multo successu Fabiis audaciam crescere. Itaque et pecora prædantibus aliquoties, velut casu incidissent, obviam acta: et agrestium fuga vasti relicti agri: et subsidia armatorum, ad arcendas populationes missa, sæpius simulato, quam vero, pavore refugerunt. Iamque Fabii adeo contempserant hostem, ut sua invicta arma neque loco neque tempore ullo crederent sustineri posse. hæc spes provexit, ut ad conspecta procul a Cremera magno campi intervallo pecora (quanquam rara hostium apparebant arma) decurrerent. et quum improvidi effuso cursu insidias circa ipsum iter locatas superassent, palatique passim vaga, ut fit pavore iniecto, raperent pecora : subito ex insidiis consurgitur, et adversi et undique hostes erant. Primo clamor circumlatus exterruit dein tela ab omni parte accidebant, coeuntibusque Etruscis, iam continenti agmine armatorum

septi, quo magis se hostis inferebat, cogebantur breviore spatio et ipsi orbem colligere. quæ res et paucitatem eorum insignem, et multitudinem Etruscorum, multiplicatis in arcto ordinibus, faciebat. Tum, omissa pugna, quam in omnes partes parem intenderant, in unum locum se omnes inclinant. eo nisi corporibus armisque, rupere cuneo viam. Duxit via in editum leniter collem. inde primo restitere. mox, ut respirandi superior locus spatium dedit, recipiendique a pavore tanto animum, pepulere etiam subeuntes: vincebatque auxilio loci paucitas, ni iugo circummissus Veiens in verticem collis evasisset. ita superior rursus hostis factus. Fabii cæsi ad unum omnes, præsidiumque expugnatum, trecentos sex periisse satis convenit: unum prope puberem ætate relictum, stirpem genti Fabiæ, dubiisque rebus populi Romani sæpe domi bellique vel maximum futurum auxilium.”

1. (Idibus.) On the Ides of February the festival of Faunus was celebrated. See Introduction to extract from Fast. II. 267. p. 316. 2. (Insula). The Insula Tiberina, which was situated near the point where the Capitoline hill abuts upon the river, is said not to have existed until after the expulsion of the Tarquins, and to have been formed in the following manner. Liv. II. 5.

..

Ager Tarquiniorum, qui inter urbem ac Tiberim fuit, consecratus Marti Martius deinde Campus fuit. Forte ibi tum seges farris dicitur fuisse matura messi, quem campi fructum quia religiosum erat consumere, desectam cum stramento segetem magna vis hominum simul immissa corbibus fudere in Tiberim tenui fluentem aqua, ut mediis caloribus solet. ita in vadis hæsitantis frumenti acervos sedisse illitos limo. insulam inde paulatim, et aliis, quæ fert temere flumen, eodem invectis, factam. postea credo additas moles, manuque adiutum, ut tam eminens area firmaque templis quoque ac porticibus sustinendis esset.' This island contained temples of Faunus, Esculapius, and Jupiter, the shrines of the two last being contiguous, thus Ov. Fast. I. 291.

Accepit Phobo Nymphaque Coronide natum
Insula, dividua quam premit amnis aqua.

Iupiter in parte est. Cepit locus unus utrumque :
Iunctaque sunt magno templa nepotis avo.

Jupiter was the father of Phoebus, and therefore grandfather of Esculapius.

3. (Veientibus arvis.) The real position of the great, populous, and wealthy city of Veii, so long the rival and deadly foe of Rome, has been ascertained within the last few years only. The researches of Sir William Gell have fixed the site beyond a doubt, although nothing remains to glad the eye of the antiquary, except a few crumbling