Hic exsultantis Salios nudosque Lupercos
lanigerosque apices et lapsa ancilia caelo
extuderat; castae ducebant sacra per urbem
pilentis matres in mollibus. Hinc procul addit
Tartareas etiam sedes, alta ostia Ditis,

et scelerum poenas et te, Catilina, minaci
pendentem scopulo Furiarumque ora trementem,
secretosque pios, his dantem iura Catonem.
Haec inter tumidi late maris ibat imago
aurea, sed fluctu spumabant caerula cano;
et circum argento clari delphines in orbem
aequora verrebant caudis aestumque secabant.
In medio classis aeratas, Actia bella,

665

670

675

cernere erat; totumque instructo Marte videres

fervere Leucaten auroque effulgere fluctus.

Hinc Augustus agens Italos in proelia Caesar

cum Patribus Populoque, Penatibus et magnis Dis,

stans celsa in puppi; geminas cui tempora flammas laeta vomunt patriumque aperitur vertice sidus. Parte alia ventis et dis Agrippa secundis

680

arduus agmen agens; cui, belli insigne superbum,
tempora navali fulgent rostrata corona.
Hinc ope barbarica variisque Antonius armis,
victor ab Aurorae populis et litore rubro,
Aegyptum virisque Orientis et ultima secum

-

685

665, ducebant sacra. Cf. G. III. 22: sollemnis ducere pompas ad delubra. - 667. Cf. VI. 577-9: Tartarus ipse bis patet in praeceps tantum tenditque sub umbras quantus ad aetherium caeli suspectus Olympum. 670. Cf. I. 507 [Dido] iura dabat legesque viris. 676, erat. Cf. Ecl. X. 46: nec sit mihi credere tantum! also G. IV. 447: neque est te fallere quicquam. 677, Leucaten. Cf. III. 274: Leucatae nimbosa cacumina montis. 679. Cf. III. 11-12: Feror exsul in altum cum sociis natoque Penatibus et magnis Dis.

Bactra vehit; sequiturque, nefas! Aegyptia coniunx.
Una omnes ruere, ac totum spumare reductis
convolsum remis rostrisque tridentibus aequor.
Alta petunt; pelago credas innare revolsas
Cycladas, aut montis concurrere montibus altos :
tanta mole viri turritis puppibus instant.
Stuppea flamma manu telisque volatile ferrum
spargitur: arva nova Neptunia caede rubescunt.
Regina in mediis patrio vocat agmina sistro,
Necdum etiam geminos a tergo respicit anguis.
Omnigenumque deum monstra et latrator Anubis
contra Neptunum et Venerem contraque Minervam
tela tenent. Saevit medio in certamine Mavors

690

695

700

caelatus ferro tristesque ex aethere Dirae,
et scissa gaudens vadit Discordia palla,
quam cum sanguineo sequitur Bellona flagello.
Actius haec cernens arcum intendebat Apollo
desuper omnis eo terrore Aegyptus et Indi,
omnis Arabs, omnes vertebant terga Sabaei.
Ipsa videbatur ventis regina vocatis
vela dare et laxos iam iamque immittere funis.
Illam inter caedes pallentem morte futura
fecerat Ignipotens undis et Iapyge ferri;
contra autem magno maerentem corpore Nilum
pandentemque sinus et tota veste vocantem

705

710

693,

689. Cf. V. 141: adductis spumant freta versa lacertis. tanta mole. Cf. I. 33: Tantae molis erat Romanam condere gentem. 693, turritis puppibus. Cf. Servius's note: Agrippa primus hoc genus turrium invenit ut de tabulatis subito erigerentur simul ac ventum esset in proelium turres hostibus improvisae, in navigando essent occultae. 701, tristes Dirae. Cf. VII. 408 (said of Alecto): fuscis tristis dea tollitur alis. 708. Cf. VI. I: classi

immittit habenas.

...

caeruleum in gremium latebrosaque flumina victos.
At Caesar, triplici invectus Romana triumpho
moenia, dis Italis votum immortale sacrabat,
maxima ter centum totam delubra per urbem.
Laetitia ludisque viae plausuque fremebant ;
omnibus in templis matrum chorus, omnibus arae;
ante aras terram caesi stravere iuvenci.
Ipse, sedens niveo candentis limine Phoebi,
dona recognoscit populorum aptatque superbis
postibus; incedunt victae longo ordine gentes,
quam variae linguis, habitu tam vestis et armis.
Hic Nomadum genus et discinctos Mulciber Afros,
hic Lelegas Carasque sagittiferosque Gelonos
finxerat; Euphrates ibat iam mollior undis;
extremique hominum Morini Rhenusque bicornis
indomitique Dahae et pontem indignatus Araxes.
Talia per clipeum Volcani, dona parentis,
miratur rerumque ignarus imagine gaudet,
attollens umero famamque et fata nepotum.

omnes.

715

720

725

730

714, triplici triumpho. Cf. Suet. Aug. 22: Curulis triumphos tris egit, Delmaticum, Actiacum, Alexandrinum, continuo triduo 714-5, invectus moenia. For the passive of inveho with an acc., cf. VII. 436: classis invectas [esse] Thybridis undam; also Liv. II. 31, 3: Dictator triumphans urbem invehitur. — 716. Cf. Liv. IV. 20, 7: Augustum Caesarem, templorum omnium conditorem ac restitutorem. For the poetic exaggeration in ter centum, cf. IV. 509-10 sacerdos ter centum tonat ore deos. - 717. Cf. Velleius II. 89, I quo occursu, quo favore omnium hominum, aetatium, ordinum exceptus sit, quae magnificentia fuerit triumphorum eius, non digne exprimi potest. 720, candentis Phoebi. Cf. Hor. Carm. I. 2, 31: Tandem venias, precamur, nube candentes umeros amictus, augur Apollo. Cf. also dea candida (v. 608) and candida Maia (v. 138). 721, superbis. Cf. v. 196: foribus superbis. - 725, Gelonos. Cf. G. II. 115 pictos Gelonos.

:

NOTES.

The cuts used for illustration in these notes are taken from Rich's Dictionary of Antiquities.

1-8. Turnus displays the war-signal and summons his followers

to arms.

1. Turnus: Latinus, king in Latium, having refused to sanction the projected war with the Trojans, has laid down the reins of government and shut himself up in his palace at Laurentum. Accordingly Turnus, king of the Rutuli, who had previously been acknowledged as his prospective son-in-law and as such has a presumptive right to represent him, assumes the conduct of the war. belli signum: Vergil has in mind here a later Roman custom, according to which, in case of an insurrection (tumultus) in Italy or Gaul, the general who was to take command of the troops levied to put down the insurrection, proceeded to the Capitol and, taking thence a red flag (vexillum), displayed it as a war-signal for the foot-soldiers and said, 'Qui rempublicam salvam esse volt, me sequatur.'

3. acris concussit equos: had roused his fiery steeds (by shaking the reins). impulit arma: had clashed his arms, i. e., had struck spear and shield together to arouse a martial spirit in his followers.

4-5. simul — Latium: in the haste and confusion of the tumultuous uprising, the soldiers swear fealty in a body instead of singly as the regular form of enlistment would require.

6. primi: translate with cogunt, take the lead in, etc.

8. vastant: the use of vastant implies that the withdrawal of the husbandmen from their labors leaves the cultivated land waste (vastus).

9-17. Venulus is sent to Argyripa to obtain aid from Diomede. 9. et, too: in addition to allies are to be sought for.

the Italian forces just referred to, Greek Venulus fails to accomplish the object