vis in animo et corpore sita est: animi imperio 1, corporis servitio magis utimur2: alterum nobis cum dis, alterum cum belluis commune est. Quo mihi rectius videtur3 ingenii1 quam virium opibus5 gloriam quærere; et, quoniam vita ipsa, qua fruimur, brevis est, memoriam nostri quam maxime longam efficere. Nam divitiarum et formæ gloria fluxa atque fragilis est; virtus clara æternaque habetur. Sed diu magnum inter mortales 10 certamen fuit, vine corporis an

tites. Persius, Prol. in Sat. 12. Magister artis ingenique largitor Venter.

1 Animi imperio. The soul is commonly represented as the ruler of the body. Comp. Cic. de Rep. iii. Deus homini, animus imperat corpori. Senec. Nat. Quæst. vii. 24. habere nos animum cujus imperio et impellimur et revocamur. Epist. 114. rex noster est animus. Claudian, iv. Cons. Hon. 234. hanc alta capitis fundavit in arce Mandatricem operum prospecturamque labori.

2 Utimur: uti generally in a good sense, to employ to a good purpose, to enjoy the use of. Here the verb belongs strictly to imperio only, but governs servitio also indirectly by the figure zeugma : i. e. "we enjoy the government of the soul, but suffer the servitude of the body."

3 Quo mihi rectius videtur, "wherefore it seems to me the more right." Comp. eo profusius, c. 14.

4 Ingenii. Varro, contemporary with Sallust, introduced the double ii in these genitives. Later writers, imitating ancient spelling, frequently resorted to the single i. Hence the MSS. fluctuate. See Spengel on Varro, de Lingua Lat. p. 10. In this edition

the double ii is preserved throughout, as the usual form.

5 Opibus: "resources."

6 Maxime. Cæsar wrote maximus, optimus. Quintil. Inst. i. 7. Before him they were written u for i; but not always: maximos is found in the inscription of the Duilian column. In this edition the form in i is retained.

7 Nam divitiarum. Compare Sallust, Jugur. 2. igitur præclara facies, magnæ divitiæ, ad hoc vis corporis et alia hujusmodi omnia alicui dilabuntur; at ingenii egregia facinora, sicuti anima, immortalia sunt. Tac. Agric. 46.

8 Fluxa: "fleeting," "fading;" fluidus, that which fleets or flows naturally; fluxus, that which becomes so by corruption or degeneracy, therefore generally of artificial things: but this distinction is not uniformly preserved. Here translate "fading," or 66 scent," as opposed to clara. "Beauty fades and decays, virtue shines and endures."

evane

9 Habetur, "is esteemed," implying men's opinion of it.

10 Inter mortales; more emphatic, as being more universal than homines; as we say mankind for men. Comp. A. Gell. xiii. 28.

virtute animi, res militaris magis procederet1. Nam et prius, quam incipias, consulto; et, ubi consulueris, mature facto opus est2. Ita utrumque, per se indigens, alterum alterius auxilio eget3.

II. Igitur initio1 reges (nam in terris nomen imperii id primum fuit) diversi, pars ingenium, alii corpus exercebant: etiam tum vita hominum sine cupiditate agitabatur; sua cuique satis placebant. Postea vero quam in Asia Cyrus, in Græcia Lacedæmonii et Athenienses cœpere urbes atque nationes subigere, lubidinem dominandi caussam belli habere, maximam gloriam in maximo imperio putare; tum demum periculo atque negotiis compertum est, in

1 Procederet, "advanced, succeeded;" procedere, i. q. ex voto evenire. Comp. Liv. i. 57. Ubi id parum processit. ii. 44. velut processisset Sp. Licinio. Of persons, as Terent. Adelph. v. 9. 22. processisti hodie pulchre. Plaut. Trucul. ii. 6. 35. Tu recte provenisti. Another sense of the word is "to march," "walk in a solemn or measured step." Terent. Andr. i. 1. 100. Funus procedit. Lucan, speaking of the conquering progress of the Roman republic, vii. 422. Te geminum Titan procedere vidit in axem. Incedere has the same sense. Virg. En. i. quæ Divum incedo regina.

2 Mature facto opus est, ""Twere well it were done quickly." Maturus and mora opposed. Ovid, Metam. xiii. 300. Si mora pro culpa est, ego sum maturior illo.

3 Alterum alterius auxilio eget:

Horat. Alterius sic Altera poscit opem res. indigens... eget. This tautology has given offence: many editions read veget, but without authority. Indigens may be taken absolutely, for mancum, debile; the redundancy may be compared with Virgil's Lapsa cadunt folia.

4 Initio. Comp. Cic. de Leg. iii. omnes antiquæ gentes regibus quondam paruerunt.

5 Reges diversi, i. e. in contrarium abeuntes, "taking opposite courses."

6 Etiam tum, "still;" "in those times men still lived without ambition."

7 Periculo atque negotiis. Some explain periculo i. q. experimento, experiendo. Others explain the phrase by the fig. hendiadys, for periculosis negotiis. Rather, periculo, "danger :" negotiis, "grave and difficult affairs;" therefore, "dangers and troubles."

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bello plurimum ingenium posse. Quod si1 regum atque imperatorum animi virtus in pace ita, uti in bello, valeret, æquabilius atque constantius sese res humanæ haberent; neque aliud alio ferri, neque mutari ac misceri omnia cerneres. Nam imperium facile his artibus retinetur, quibus initio partum est. Verum, ubi pro labore desidia, pro continentia et æquitate lubido atque superbia invasere1, fortuna simul cum moribus immutatur. Ita impepium semper ad optimum quemque a minus bono transfertur. Quæ homines5 arant, navigant, ædificant, virtuti omnia parent. Sed multi mortales, dediti ventri atque somno, indocti incultique vitam, sicuti peregrinantes, transegere; quibus profecto contra naturam, corpus voluptati, anima oneri fuit. Eorum ego vitam mortemque juxta æstimo, quoniam de utraque siletur.

Verum enim vero is demum

Virtus, fama, decus, divina humanaque pulcris Divitiis parent.

6 Contra naturam, "the reverse of what nature intended."

7 Juxta æstimo, "I value both alike," i. e. "as equally despicable." For juxta in the sense of equality, comp. Sallust, Catil. 37. 51. 61. Jugur. 85, 88.

8 Verum enim vero. More forcible than the simple verum: frequent in Livy and Sallust, more rare in Cicero. Ruhnken, Dictata in Terent. Adelph. ii. 3. 2. is demum, "he of all men." Comp. Catil. 20. idem velle atque idem nolle ea domum firma amicitia est.

mihi vivere atque frui anima videtur, qui, aliquo negotio intentus1, præclari facinoris, aut artis bonæ famam quærit. Sed, in magna copia rerum, aliud alii natura iter ostendit.

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III. Pulchrum est bene facere reipublicæ 2: etiam bene dicere haud absurdum 3 est. Vel pace, vel bello, clarum fieri licet: et qui fecere, et qui facta aliorum scripsere, multi a laudantur. Ac mihi quidem, tametsi haudquaquam par gloria sequatur scriptorem et auctorem 6 rerum, tamen in primis arduum7 videtur res gestas scribere: primum, quod facta dictis sunt exæquanda : dehinc, quia plerique, quæ delicta reprehenderis, malevolentia et invidia dicta putant: ubi de magna virtute et gloria bonorum memores,

1 Aliquo... intentus, not "intent upon," which would require the dat. but "occupied with," "kept on the stretch by:" the ablat. modi, or instrumenti. Comp. scientia confisus, "satisfied with, encouraged by the consciousness of knowledge:" pede nixus, "using the foot as the means or instrument whereby to support oneself."

2 Bene facere reip., "to act for the advantage of the state." Comp. Jugur. 85. Quippe bene facta mea reipublicæ procedunt.

3 Haud absurdum, “no mean thing;" "not unworthy:" absurdus, not derived probably from surdus. Festus cites a word sardare, intelligere, from Nævius. So insulsus from salsus, insulto from salto.

4 Multi. Placed at the end of the sentence, emphasis gratia; "many such, I say."

5 Haudquaquam par gloria. So Cicero pro Mur. 9. Dicendum est quod sentio, rei militaris virtus præstat cæteris omnibus.

6 Auctorem, "the doer of deeds," i. q. actorem. So Vell. ii. 10, præclari facinoris auctor. Virgil, En. v. 748, vulneris auctor. But auctor rerum frequently i. q. scriptor rerum. Comp. Tac. Ann. iii. 30. C. Sallustius rerum Rom. florentissimus auctor: and, Apud auctores rerum reperio.

7 Arduum. So Justin, in præf. calls writing history, opus ardui laboris.

quæ sibi quisque facilia factu putat, æquo animo accipit1; supra ea 2, veluti ficta, pro falsis ducit. Sed ego adolescentulus, initio, sicuti plerique, studio ad rempublicam latus sum3; ibique mihi adversa multa fuere. Nam pro pudore, pro abstinentia, pro virtute, audacia, largitio, avaritia vigebant. Quæ tametsi animus aspernabatur, insolens malarum artium 1; tamen, inter tanta vitia, imbecilla ætas ambitione corrupta tenebatur: ac me, cum ab reliquorum malis moribus dissentirem, nihilo minus honoris cupido eadem, qua ceteros 5, fama atque invidia vexabat.

IV. Igitur, ubi animus ex multis miseriis atque periculis requievit, et mihi reliquam ætatem a republica procul habendam decrevi 8, non fuit consilium, secordia atque desidia bonum otium conterere; neque vero agrum colendo, aut venando, servilibus officiis,

rest of my competitors." Fama in the sense of mala fama, whence famosus, "infamous."

6 Ex multis, "from and after many troubles, &c." Comp. Cic. pro Arch. 1. ex gravi morbo recreari, Brut. 92. ex consulatu profectus in Galliam. Nepos, Timol. 3. ex maximo bello otium conciliavit.

7 Habendam: habere ætatem, "to keep a certain tenor of life." Comp. Catil. 51. qui demissi in obscuro vitam habent.

8 Decrevi. Comp. Jugur. 4. decrevi procul a republ. agere ætatem.

Servilibus officiis, "unworthy employments," fit only for slaves, inasmuch as they occupy the body only, not the mind. The great estates of