How the forces were drawn up for battle. Section 59.

Page 55. § 59. 4. sīgna canere iubet : "he ordered the call (to battle) to be sounded.' 6. remõtīs omnium equis : cf. Caesar, B. G. I, xxv: Caesar, primum suo, deinde omnium ex conspectū remõtīs equis, ut aequäto omnium periculo, spem fugae tolleret, cohortātus suos proelium commīsit. 7. pedes : why short -es ? 8. Nam, utī, etc. : ‘For as it was a plain lying between mountains on the left and ground rendered rough by rocks on the right'; inter governs both montīs and aspera, the latter being in the neuter accusative plural and being equivalent to aspera loca; rūpe, ablative of cause, to be taken with aspera. 10. reliquārum sīgna reliquās cohortīs ; see signum in Vocab. 14. Faesulānum quendam : perhaps the P. Furius mentioned in 40, 6. 15. cālônibus : common slaves belonging to the soldiers, who were trained so as to be ready to fight in emergencies. 16. aquilam : see note to Cicero, 23, 9.

18. pedibus aeger : Dio Cassius, the historian, says that Antonius pretended to be afflicted with the gout, in order to avoid directing the battle against his old friend Catiline. In this connection it has been suggested that, although Antonius's force was larger than that of Metellus, Catiline chose to join battle with the former, because he hoped that their old time friendship might influence Antonius to let the victory go to him. 19. M. Petrēio : see Vocab. ; in the civil war he sided with Pompey, and was defeated by Caesar in Spain. After the battle of Thapsus he fled with king Juba to Zama. Being denied admittance to the town, they killed each other. 25. amplius : B. 217, 3; A. 247, c; H. 471, 4; G. 296, R.4.

The battle of Pistoria ; defeat and death of Catiline. Section 60.

$ 60. It is impossible to estimate the number of those engaged on each side with any accuracy. As to Catiline's force, although at one time he had two full legions, we are told that many deserted him on hearing of the execution of the conspirators at Rome (see 53, 1-5). Dio Cassius declares that Catiline had only 3000 men.

The same historian states that Antonius had a larger force than Metellus. As Metellus, according to Sallust, 53, 8, had three legions, Antonius probably had 15,000 to 20,000 men. With forces so unequally matched, the result could not long be in doubt.

Page 56. 1. ferentārlīs : light-armed skirmishers stationed on the wings, who commenced the battle by burling their spears at the enemy. 2. cum infēstīs sīgnis : 'in a charge' (literally, with hostile standards'). píla omittunt : cf. Caesar, B. G. VII, 88, Nostrī, omissīs pilīs, gladiīs rem gerunt. 10. cohortem praetoriam: the general's bodyguard, consisting of veteran legionaries on foot, together with equitēs, - both Roman cavalry and men picked from the cavalry of the allies (see praetorius in Vocab.). 11. eosque, etc. : and throwing them into confusion, cut them down, as they offered but a scattered resistance.'

The battlefield after the battle. Section 61.

$ 61. 19. animi vis : valor.' 20. Nam, etc. : 'For in most cases, the place which each man in fighting had taken when alive,' etc. vivos: nominative singular. pūgnando: see note to Cicero,

21. Paucī, etc. : “a few men who had been scattered by the dash of the praetorian cohort into their midst.'

10, 5.

Page 57. 1. visundi: “of viewing the battlefield.'

EPIGRAMS OF SALLUST.

The references are to sections.

Aliēni appetēns, sui profūsus.
Covetous of others' property, lavish with his own.

— CATILINE, 5.

Aliud clausum in pectore, aliud in linguā promptum habēre. To have one thing hid within the heart, another ready on the

tongue. — CATILINE, 10.

Alterum alterius auxilio eget.
The one needs the aid of the other. — CATILINE, 1.

Amīcitiās inimicitiāsque non ex rē sed ex commodo aestu

māre. To regard friendships and enmities, not at their real worth,

but as a matter of personal advantage. — Catiline, 10.

Bono vincī satius est quam malo more iniūriam vincere.
It is better for a good man to suffer defeat than to use foul

means to defeat wrong. — JUGURTHA, 42. Concordiā parvae rēs crēscunt, discordiā māxumae dīlā

buntur. Through harmony small states grow, through discord the largest fall to pieces. - JUGURTHA, 10.

Corporis et fortūnae bonorum ut initium sīc finis est. Blessings of the body and of fortune have an end as well as a

beginning. - JUGURTHA, 2.

Cūius rei lubet simulātor ac dissimulātor.
In anything whatsoever, he could feign to be what he was not,

or hide what he was. — CATILINE,

Divitiārum et formae gloria Auxa atque fragilis est, virtūs

clāra aeternaque habetur. The fame of wealth and beauty is fleeting and frail, but intellectual superiority is a glorious and eternal possession.

- CATILINE, 1. Esse quam vidērī bonus mālēbat. He preferred to be rather than to seem good. — CATILINE, 54.

Facere quam dicere.
To act rather than to talk. — CATILINE, 8.

Iam pridem equidem nos vēra vocabula rērum āmīsimus. Verily we have long since lost the real names of things.

CATILINE, 52. Idem velle atque idem nõlle, ea dēmum fīrma amicitia est. To have the same likes and dislikes, — this after all is what

constitutes firm friendship. - Catiline, 20.

Imitārī

quam

invidēre bonīs mālēbant. They preferred to imitate rather than to envy the good.

- Catiline, 51.

Imperium facile iis artibus retinētur, quibus initio partum

est. Power is easily retained by the exercise of those qualities

through which it was originally acquired, — CATILINE, 2.

In māxumā fortūnā minuma licentia est.
The higher your fortune, the less your freedom.

- CATILINE, 51. Is dēmum mihi vīvere atque fruī animā vidētur, qui aliquo

negotio intentus praeclārī facinoris aut artis bonae

fāmam quaerit. He only seems to me to live and enjoy life, who intent upon

some task seeks the fame of a glorious deed or of a noble career. — CATILINE, 2.

Laudis avidī, pecūniae līberālēs.
Greedy of praise, generous with money. — CATILINE, 7.

7.

Magis voltum quam ingenium bonum habēre.
To have an honest countenance rather than an honest heart.

- CATILINE, 10. Māiorum gloria posteris quasi lümen est, neque bona neque

mala eorum in occulto patitur. Distinguished forefathers cast upon their descendants a light

which will allow no good or bad deed of theirs to be hidden. — JUGURTHA, 85.

Nēmō nisi victor pāce bellum mūtāvit.
No one but a victor has changed war for peace.

– CATILINE, 58. Neque cuiquam mortālium iniūriae suae parvae videntur;

multi eās gravius aequo habuēre. No man underestimates his wrongs; many take them more

seriously than is reasonable. - CATILINE, 51.

Neque quisquam omnium lubīdinī simul et ūsus pāruit.
No one has ever been guided by passion and his true inter-

ests at the same time. - CATILINE, 51.