3

с

M. Livius 2

consulem traduntur. duæ simul turmæ Samnitium præsidii C. Cl. Nero causa missæ. qui ubi ad consulem pervenerunt, litteræque lectæ per interpretem sunt, et ex captivis percunctatio facta, tum Claudius non id tempus esse rei publicæ ratus, S. xv, 550. quo consiliis ordinariis provinciæ suæ quisque finibus per exercitus suos cum hoste destinato ab senatu bellum gereret; audendum aliquid improvisum inopinatum, quod coeptum non minorem apud cives quam hostes terrorem faceret, perpetratum in magnam lætitiam ex magno metu verteret; litteris Hasdrubalis Romam ad senatum missis, simul et ipse patres conscriptos quid pararet edocet, ut cum in Umbria se occursurum Hasdrubal fratri scribat, legionem a Capua Romam arcessant, delectum Romæ habeant, exercitum urbanum ad Narniam hosti opponant.' hæc senatui scripta. præmissi

6

item per agrum Larinatem Marrucinum Frentanum Præ- xxii, 9; ix, 16; C. ii, tutianum, qua exercitum ducturus erat, ut omnes ex agris 269; i, urbibusque commeatus paratos militi ad vescendum in 339; ii, 254; i, viam deferrent, equos jumentaque alia producerent, 289; Pl. iii, ut vehiculorum fessis copia esset.' ipse de toto ex- 11; 13; Pt. ercitu civium sociorumque quod roboris erat dele- Nero git, sex millia peditum, mille equites; pronuntiatoc- marches to join his 'cupare se in Lucanis proximam urbem Punicumque in colleague;

bac novandum ad. 2 P. 4 L. B. GA. L. D. ed. G. C. ' and do something unprecedented and as yet unattempted.' B.-ac innovandum 3 P. ac novandum ad. 5 L. d paret RH. N. pr. RH. eet conj. ad. (and ut may be om.) The asyndeton, though common in Livy, is harsh here, after simul : DU. but cf. ix, 22, 6. D.—monet ad. 4 L. H. B 2d. GA. L. from gl. It is to be und. as in ix, 2; xxi, 49. DU.—monetque ad. B 1st.-Nothing is wanting. DE. f præmissa ed. GR. CL. er. D. 8 F. V. 2-5 L. H. HV. RH. ed. D.-irem P.-inde three P. B. GA.-om. L-autem ed. G. DJ. H. C.

2 Without an order from the senate, it was not allowable for a commander either to go out of his province or to lead his troops out. Some refused a triumph to the consul Postumius, because he had gone beyond the bounds of his province, x, 37: cf. xxviii, 42; xxix, 7; 19; xxx, 24; xxxi, 48; xli, 7; [xliii, 1; Suet. i, 31. R.] Yet there is no mention of any law to prevent it, either in these places or in xxiii, 41; [or in xxxvi, 39 sq. D] There were, however, laws on this subject, long before Cicero's time, in Pis. 21; Dio xxxix, p. 116. These were probably enacted when the authority of the senate proved ineffectual in coercing the ambition or avarice of generals. DU.

3 The undertaking of which would oc

casion no less terror.' R.

4 Cf. 8, 5; xxi, 39, 1; xxviii, 6; 15; 39; [pro i, 59; iii, 33; vii, 37;] Cic. Sen. 19; Sal. J. 66; Ter. An. i, 1, 10; Lucr. v, 11; Hor. O. iii, 25, 12; Her. v, 69; vii, 188, 72; [avr) Her.i, 87, n. 40; 129, n. 59; 210, n. 71 ;] Thuc. i, 40 twice; Plato Phæd. 50 often; 146 sq; Demos. Ol. ii, p. 28; iii, p. 40 twice; Pind. Is. vii, 52; Esch. Ag. 873; (BL, Gl.) Ch. 336; Soph. Aj. 1039; Eur. H. 55; 0.273; Ph. 1556; M. 1180; B. 4; Cyc. 250; Arist. R. 304; Romans vi, 13; xi, 15; Hooker E. P. t. iii, p. 99.

5 To reinforce the garrison;' for which two legions were required, whereas now there was but one. DU.

C. Cl. Nero ea præsidium velle, ut ad iter parati omnes essent.' profectus nocte flexit in Picenum.

M. Livius 2

Fr. i, 1, 9.

Alarm at
Rome.

S. xv, 580.

1.

Et consul quidem", quantis maximis itineribus poterat, 6. ad collegam ducebat, relicto Q. Catio legato qui castris præesset. Romæ haud minus terroris ac tumultus erat 44 quam fuerat biennio ante, cum castra Punica objecta Romanis moenibus portisque fuerant. neque satis constabat animis, tam audax iter consulis laudarent vituperarentne. PE. v, 21; apparebat, quo nihil iniquius est, ex eventu famam1 habiPPs. ii, 3, turum. castra prope Hannibalem hostem relicta sine duce, 12 sq. CR. 'cum exercitu cui detractum foret omne quod roboris, 'quod floris fuerit; et consulem in Lucanos ostendisse ? 'iter, cum Picenum et Galliam peteret, castra relinquen'tem nulla alia re tutiora' quam errore hostis, qui ducem 'inde atque exercitus partem abesse ignoraret. quid futu'rum, si id palam fiat, et aut insequi Neronem cum sex 'millibus armatorum profectum Hannibal toto exercitu velit, aut castra invadere prædæ relicta, sine viribus, 'sine imperio, sine auspicio? veteres ejus belli clades, duo consules proximo anno interfecti terrebant. et ea

xxv, 3436.

' omnia accidisse, cum unus imperator, unus exercitus 'hostium in Italia esset: nunc duo bella Punica facta, duos ingentes exercitus, duos prope Hannibales in Italia esse. quippe et Hasdrubalem patre eodem Hamilcare 'genitum, æque impigrum ducem, per tot in Hispania 'annos Romano exercitatum" bello, gemina victoria insignem, duobus exercitibus cum clarissimis ducibus deletis. nam itineris quidem celeritate ex Hispania et

hh conj. om. as gl. R.

quadriennio conj. GL. pr. D.-quinquennio or (if the btuta conj. because this seems to F. V. 1, 2, 4, 5 L. H. B. GA. HV. ed. D.-abisse RH. G. C. cf. nn, on Ov. Am. i, 7, 2; HS, on O. M. ii, 78; BA, on S. T. i, 474; BỪ, on C. E. ii, 99; D, on S. I. xv, 151. D.-abiisse 3 L. d pl. and opt. Mss. ant. Edd. pr. cf. xxix, 30; xxxvi, 17; xxxix, 1; GR. ed. C. Cic. p. Fon. 14. D.-exercitum al. Mss. ed. FR. G. cf. CS, on Suet. iii, 6; CO, on S. J. 71; DU, on Fl. i, 3, 2. D. conj. CC.

extremes are not counted) triennio conj. C. pr. D. have been the only security. B.

6 Und. iter. R. He marched in the Num. xx, 19. direction of Picenum.' GL. S.

] Und. iter.

2 Made show of,' pretended:' cf. iv, 30; 59; vi, 5; 18; xxx, 33 often; xxxiv, 13; dare vere pacem, non tantum ostendere, xxxvii, 7; R. 45; xxii, 25, 4; PK, on

e jam

3 Both imperium and auspicium were vested in the consul; S. xxiv, 10, 2. R.

4 Viz. clades and consules interfectos esse. Livy now resumes the indirect form of speech. RS.

5 Over the two Scipios in Spain. S.

45

'concitatis ad arma Gallicis gentibus multo magis quam C. Cl. Nero Hannibalem ipsum gloriari posse: quippe in iis locis M. Livius 2 hunc coegisse exercitum, quibus ille majorem partem militum fame ac frigore, quæ miserrima mortis genera

sunt, amisisset.' adjiciebant etiam periti rerum Hispaniæ

' haud cum' ignoto eum duce C. Nerone" congressurum, xxvi, 17. 'sed quem in saltu impedito deprehensus forte, haud secus 'quam puerum, conscribendis fallacibus condicionibus pacis frustratus elusisset.' omnia majora etiam vero præsidia hostium, minora sua, metu interprete semper in deteriora inclinato, ducebant.

horts his

Nero postquam jam tantum intervalli ab hoste fecerat1 Nero exut detegi consilium satis tutum esset, paucis milites allo- soldiers. quitur. negat ullius consilium imperatoris in speciem

6

audacius, re ipsa tutius fuisse quam suum. ad certam xxii, 25, 4. eos se victoriam ducere: quippe ad quod bellum collega

non antequam ad satietatem ipsius peditum atque equi-38. 'tum datæ ab senatu copiæ fuissent majores instructiores

que quam si adversus ipsum Hannibalem iret, profectus

sit, eo ipsos quantumcunque virium momentum addide

rint, rem omnem inclinaturos 2. auditum modo in acie 37, 5; xxi, 52, 1. (nam ne ante audiretur, daturum operam) alterum con'sulem et alterum exercitum advenisse haud dubiam victoriam 'facturum. famam bellum conficere3, et parva momenta ' in spem metumque impellere animos. gloriæ quidem ex re bene gesta partæ fructum prope omnem ipsos laturos. semper quod postremum adjectum sit, id rem totam

f om. or jam conj. G. L.-om. A. G. C. D. om. GB.

8 em. C. pr. D.-cum P. pr. G.-eo GA. ant. Edd.—eorum h Neronem GA. BR. 2, 4 L. B 1st. ant. Edd. i conj. a audiatur RH. D. bed. A. JT. which they should obtain,' GR, on xxxi, 7. It is put hypothetically, as re bene gesta [and auditum above, ED. acceptæ v, 36; victis ix, 18; habitis xxxi, 7; cf. D, on vi, 4, 7: R.] if they obtained it, which they were certain of doing.' cf. Sabini belli perfecti gloriam pepererant, iii, 70; Phæd. v, pr. 17. DU.-parte er. A.-var. Mss.-sperate conj. G. adv. as the fruit' of what is only hoped for,' must be little or none. Cic. p. Mar. 1; p. Ar. P. 10. DU.

6

6

C. Cl. Nero videri traxisse. cernere ipsos quo concursu, qua adM. Livius 2 ‹ miratione, quo favore hominum iter suum celebretur.' et hercule per instructa omnia ordinibus virorum mulierumque undique ex agris effusorum, inter vota et preces et laudes ibant: illos præsidia rei publicæ, vindices urbis Romæ imperiique' appellabant; in illorum armis dextrisque suam liberumque suorum salutem ac libertatem ' repositam esse.' deos omnes deasque' precabantur ut illis faustum iter felixque pugna", matura ex hostibus 'victoria esset, damnarenturque ipsi votorum quæ pro iis suscepissent, ut quemadmodum nunc solliciti prose'querentur eos, ita paucos post dies læti ovantibus victoria 'obviam irent.' invitare inde pro se quisque et offerre, et fatigare precibus ut quæ ipsis jumentisque usui essent, ab se potissimum sumerent; benigne omnia cumulata 'dare.' modestia certare milites, ne quid ultra usum necessarium sumerent; nihil morari, nec ab signis absistere [nec subsistere '] cibum capientes; diem ac noctem ire; vix quod satis ad naturale desiderium corporum esset, quieti dare. et ad collegam præmissi erant qui nuntiarent adventum percunctarenturque clam an

i, 11.

8 felix RH. 2, 3 P. cf. 50; RH. victoria

© F. V. 2, 3, 5 L. H. B. GA. HV. ed. D.-ac RH. ed. G. C. d liberorumque RH. ed. G. C.-et liberorum 5 L. H. B. GA. HV.—et liberûm 2, 4 L. V. cf. xxii, 22. D.liberorum F. e om. V. 1-3 L. B 1st. GA. f om. C. pr. D 1st. het conj. ad. cf. ii, 31, 1; v, 17, 9. D 2d. ovantem conjux, precibus raptarum fatigata, orat, i, 11; ix, 20; xxiii, 36; xxxv, 35; xlii, 18; Sall. J. 66, 2; (CO.) Just. D.-flagitare RH. 3 P. 3, 4 L. cf. i, 16, 3. D. adv. S. GB. jom. pl. and opt. Mss. ant. Edd. ad. FR. pr. cf. Cæs. B. G. v, 17; Pliny ii, 8. G. D. There are like omissions in 46, i and k. C. The reading of GA is uncertain from D. ED. kad. ED. from pl. and opt. Mss. pr. G. C. D. adv. B.-om. 3 L. H. B. al. Mss. G. C. D. 1 pl. and opt. Mss. ant. Edd. ED. pr. G. C. D. adv. B.—sustinere

BK. cet. Edd.

N.-om. FR. G. C. D. BK, cet. Edd.

4 The metaphor is taken from drawing with a rope; ix, 18; xxxiii, 9. R. The following anecdote may illustrate the sentiment in the text. There was a mountebank on Tower Hill towards the end of the last century, who had acquired an extraordinary reputation for the adroitness wherewith he extracted teeth, to which no fitter likeness could be found than Virgil's œsculus;—tantum radice in tartara tendit: ergo non &c. After wrenching the fangs with divers instruments, to show the torture which other dentists inflicted on the luckless wights that fell within their clutches, Doctor B, by the mere in

sertion of his finger and thumb, removed the tooth from the socket, at once, without any effort to himself and without any pain to his patient.

5 That is, wherever they went, the people lined the roads, forming lanes for them to pass through.' B.

6 That they should be constrained to pay their vows, by being indebted to the gods for granting their petitions;' SV. which follow in the words ut...irent. C. v, 25; [vii, 28. RS.] damnabis tu quoque votis, Virg. E. v, 80; (MY.) voti reus, Æ. v, 237. Ř. Cf. St Matthew xxiii, 16; 18.

M. Livius 2

'palam, interdiu an noctu venire sese vellet? iisdem C. Cl. Nero 'an aliis considere castris?' nocte clam ingredi" melius" visum est.

46 Tessera1 per castra ab Livio consule data erat ut tribu'num tribunus, centurio centurionem, eques equitem, pedes 'peditem acciperet:' neque enim dilatari castra opus esse, Fr. i, 1, 9; ne hostis adventum alterius consulis sentiret; et coartatio ii, 3, 12. plurium in angusto tendentium facilior futura erat, quod Claudianus exercitus nihil ferme præter arma secum in expeditionem tulerat. ceterum in ipso itinere auctum voluntariis agmen erat, offerentibus sese ultro et veteribus militibus perfunctis jam militia et juvenibus, quos certatim nomina dantes3, si quorum corporis species roburque virium aptum militiæ videbatur, conscripserat. ad Senam castra 38; xi, ep. alterius consulis erant; et quingentos inde ferme passus Hasdrubal aberat. itaque cum jam appropinquaret, tectus montibus substitit Nero, ne ante noctem castra ingrederetur. silentio ingressi, ab sui quisque ordinis hominibus He secretly in tentoria abducti', cum summa omnium lætitia hospi- camp of taliter excipiuntur. postero die consilium habitum, cui et Livius. L. Porcius Licinus prætor affuit. castra juncta consulum a council. castris habebat; et ante adventum eorum per loca alta ducendo exercitum, cum modo insideret angustos saltus

CB. 18.

enters the

ut transitum clauderet, modo ab latere aut ab tergo car- xxii, 32, 2. peret agmen, ludificatus hostem omnibus artibus belli

m RH. 2 L marg. H. al. Mss.-clam inare P. F 1st.-clammare al. Mss.-clamminare V. 1 L. al.—clamitare C.—clam intrare F 2d. 5 L. HV. cf. xliv, 12; GR. xxii, 42; vi, 34, 9. D.-clam movere 2 L.-in mare ad. H. n om. RH. aquique conj. P. but cf. xxii, 7, 8; vii, 6; 19; 32; 33; 36; ix, 6; 36; xxvi, 36; xxxv, 34; G. ii, 7; 10; 12; 23; vi, 8; 13; 15; viii, 7; ix, 2; 3; 14; x, 14; 25; 35; xxxiv, 37; xlv, 38 twice; i, 24; 35; vii, 28; xxxii, 21; xxxv, 30; 34; &c. HS, and BU, on O. M. i, 59; O. A. A. i, 267; CO, on S. C. 7; 37; and S. J. 58; 75; CAR, de S. L. p. 311. D. P. RE. al. Mss. cf. 20, 4; 29, a. D.—adductis 3 P.—adducti pl. Mss.

7 Nocte is opposed to interdiu in viii, 34; xxix, 33; xxx, 4; [xl, 10, 7. D.] The latter is formed by apocope from interdius, i. e. interim (or interea) dum dies est; as nudiustertius for nunc diust (i. e. dies est) tertius, and the like. G. cf. xxix, 14, e.

1 Cf. vii, 35 ; ξυλήφιον and σύνθημα, Pol. vi, 32 sq; S. L, M. L. v, 9. DU. There were two sorts of tessera; (1) those on which the watch-word was given to the sentinels at night, and to the soldiers on other occasions, whereby they were to distinguish friends from

3 Giving in their names to be enrolled, entered, or enlisted;' for the army, or navy, xxviii, 45, 10; or a colony, i, 11. R.

4 We have here an entire hexameter, in a passage crowded with dactyls and spondees.