Senate in B.C. 70, for oppressing the provincials, but had managed to be reinstated. He was Cicero's colleague in both his praetorship and consulship. 6. cum eō, etc.: 'that in conjunction with him, he as consul would commence operations.' 8. suōrum, etc.: 'praised his followers, mentioning each by name.' 11. quibus, etc.: 'by which they had secured plunder' (literally?). § 22. 17. inde . . . dēgustāvissent: 'they had tasted of it.' 18. cōnsuēvit: used impersonally. 20. alius in apposition to the subject of forent. alii: what case? 21. ficta: sc. esse; the fact that Cicero did not allude to this rumor is very good proof that there was no truth in it. 22. Ciceronis invidiam: i.e. Cicero's unpopularity after his consulship was lessened by imputing the most frightful crimes to the five conspirators whose execution he had urged; see § 55. Disclosure of the conspiracy to Cicero through Curius and Fulvia. Section 23. 28. senātū § 23. 26. nātus, etc.: 'born of no mean station.' probrī grātiā mōverant: the censor's power of removing from the Senate any one who was leading a scandalous life was an admirable check upon that body at times, but was too often neglected, or used purely for party purposes. 29. reticĕre used transitively. prōrsus, etc.: 'in a word, he 30. suamet: see -met in Vocab. did not care a particle what he said or did.' ' in short.' Page 17. 1. inopiā: 'from want of means.' 3. postrēmō : 5. haud occultum habuit: 'did not keep hidden.' 6. sublātō auctōre: 'without giving the source of her information.' 7. quoquo modo: in every way.' 11. homo novos: one who could not boast of an ancestor who had held a curule magistracy. 13. post fuĕre: see post in Vocab. Catiline's failure to be elected consul, in B.C. 64, only increases his activity. Many women of the type of Sempronia become interested in the conspiracy. Sections 24-25. § 24. 14. comitiīs: the consuls were elected by the comitia centuriāta. For this assembly, the citizens were divided into five classes, according to their property, each class being subdivided into seventy centuries. Besides these, there were eighteen centuries of young noblemen, who had not as yet held public office, and five of artisans, musicians, etc., making 373 centuries in all. The consular elections were held in the Campus Martius. Along the sides of this great plain, enclosures called saepta were roped off for the different centuries to occupy. Each voter was provided with tickets containing the names of the candidates. When all was ready, a lot was cast to determine which century of the first class should vote first. Then the voters of the fortunate century filed through a narrow passageway called the pōns, and deposited their votes in a box. The vote of this century was announced at once, as it was supposed that the gods had guided the lot, and thus indicated their choice of the candidates. Then the rest of the centuries of the first class voted, followed by the other classes in order, an extra century for belated citizens being allowed to vote with each of the four lower classes. A majority of the 377 centuries decided the election. 16. conCatilinae 14. M. Tullius (Cicerō) et C. Antōnius: there were five other candidates, the most prominent besides Catiline being one of his fellow-conspirators, L. Cassius Longinus. Cicero was elected by a large majority, but Antonius had a narrow margin over Catiline. cusserat: for tense, see note on transtulerant, 13, 6. furor: Sallust does not mention the fact that, after the election, Catiline was prosecuted by L. Lucceius, the historian, on a charge of murder during Sulla's proscriptions. The trial resulted in an acquittal. 17. plura agitāre: 'set more schemes on foot.' 19. Manlium: one of Sulla's veterans; see note to 11, 20. 26. servitia = servōs. § 25. 29. genere: the Sempronian gens included such distinguished men as the Gracchi. 30. virō: her husband, D. Iunius Brutus, had been consul in B.C. 77. līberis: a son, D. Iunius Brutus Albinus, was one of Caesar's assassins. 31. litteris Graecis et Latīnīs: after the Second Punic War, B.C. 218-201, the Romans began to show some appreciation of Greek culture, and regularly employed Greek grammarians both as private tutors and as teachers in the schools. Homer was their chief text-book. The teacher first read a selection to the pupils, and then had them commit it to memory. More than that, each pupil was required to pass an examination, not only on the grammar and prosody of the passage, but on all questions pertaining to astronomy, geography, history, mythology, etc., which might be suggested by the words. When the Romans developed a literature of their own, the same procedure was adopted with the works of Livius Andronicus and Terence, and later with those of Cicero, Vergil, and Horace. Girls were given the same instruction as boys, although there was a decided preference for educating the girls at home. docta: used (1) with the ablative of specification, litteris, (2) with the infinitives psallere and saltāre as second object, (3) with the accusative multa alia as second object, - a good illustration of Sallust's variety of expression. Page 18. 3. lubīdō: what case ? 6. luxuria, etc.: 'because of her extravagance and lack of means she had plunged headlong to her ruin.' Catiline, again defeated in the consular election, B.C. 63, determines 12. spērāns, § 26. 11. His rēbus: referring back to § 24. etc. hoping that, if he should be elected, he would find it easy to manage Antonius in accordance with his own purposes,' i.e. in the interval between the election and his inauguration, during which Antonius would still be consul. 15. illi: not nominative. 19. pactiōne provinciae: in casting lots for the two consular provinces, Cisalpine Gaul fell to Antonius, and Macedonia, a very rich province, to Cicero. But Cicero offered to exchange provinces, if Antonius would promise to have no dealings with the enemies of the state, — an offer which was quickly accepted, as the opportunity to enrich himself in Macedonia was of great consequence to the impoverished Antonius. Page 19. 1. diēs comitiōrum: on the day before the one set for the election in July, 63, the Senate voted to postpone the comitia in order to meet next day and discuss certain rumors concerning an CICERO. Page 18. 2. quod, etc.: 'for having excluded all those who had taken part in the conspiracy from his personal and political plans,' -an astounding statement! Think of the Senate praising one of the chief magistrates of Rome for not joining a conspiracy against the government! 5. in campum sc. Martium. 6. descendi: 'descended,' because the campus Martius was on the lower level near the Tiber, to which one had to descend from the Capitoline, Quirinal, or Pincian hill. 9. boni: 'loyal citizens.' 10. id quod est factum: a parenthetical clause; with what clause is id in apposition? insurrectionary speech by Catiline. At this meeting, on the following day, Cicero demanded an explanation from Catiline, who, with his usual audacity, was present. He, however, openly defied the consul, and even went so far as to characterize the Senate as 'a feeble body with a weak head.' At this the Senate groaned, but contented itself with passing a mild resolution against him. The election took place soon afterward in July. 2. consulibus: Sallust does not mean that Catiline was plotting to kill Antonius as well as Cicero. But, as being the chief magistrates, both consuls were representative of the state. Hence the plural is used as a synonym for 'the government.' So also 19, 10. Preparations for the war throughout Italy; meeting at the house of Laeca. Section 27. § 27. 6. Manlium: Manlius, Septimius, and Iulius had probably come to Rome to aid Catiline in his candidacy. Cicero says that Catiline had an army of colonists from Faesulae and Arretium attending him. Nothing further is known of Septimius and Iulius. 8. alium alio: see Vocab. 9. quem ubique: 'wherever he believed each.' 12. cum tēlō esse: carrying concealed weapons was forbidden both by the Twelve Tables, B.C. 451, and by the Lēx Cornēlia, B.c. 81. 15. multa agitanti: 'notwithstanding his many schemes' (how literally ?). intempesta nocte: from Cicero's account there can be no doubt that this meeting at Laeca's house took place on the second night before Cicero delivered his first oration against Catiline, i.e. November 6th; cf. Cicero, 19, 4-6. Sallust therefore must be in error in putting it much earlier, even before the famous senātūs cōnsultum was passed on October 21st. 19. parāverat: another instance of the indicative in a subordinate clause in indirect discourse. Unsuccessful attempt to assassinate Cicero. Section 28. Page 20. § 28. 3. senator: and yet Cicero alludes to both men as equites; see Cicero, 20, 1. Vargunteius may have lost his seat CICERO. Page 19. 2. Gallicum: sc. agrum. 4. priōre nocte: 'night before last.' inter falcariōs: a street getting its name from the workmen who lived in it. 5. in. . . domum: when may the preposition be used with domum? B. 182, 1, b, N.; A. 258, b, N.1; H. 419, 1, N.; G. 337, 3. 8. quo quemque: cf. quem ubique, 19, 9. in the Senate on account of a trial for bribery. 4. salūtātum : supine. Romans of rank were accustomed to hold a reception in the atrium during the first two hours of the day, when they received the morning greetings of their clients and friends. Many of their dependants would arrive at their houses even before sunrise. 5. domui: as domus has two stems, domui is the locative for the fourth declension, while the more common domi is the locative for the second. 8. iānuā: in the houses of the wealthy, the ianua or outer door opened, not upon the street, but into the ōstium, a passageway which led to an open space before the house. It was in this open court or vestibulum that the clients waited until they were admitted. 11. dolōre, etc. because of resentment at their wrongs, they were eager for a revolution.' 12. Sullae dominātiōne: as the people of Etruria for the most part had sympathized with Marius, Sulla punished them by confiscating their farms, and settling his veterans in colonies upon them. Measures adopted by the Senate to suppress the conspiracy. $ 29. 17. ancipiti malō: i.e. both from within and without the city. 18. privātō consilio: up to this time Cicero had used his own private resources in getting information about the conspiracy. 19. neque, etc.: 'nor had he quite ascertained how large Manlius's army was or what its designs were.' 20. compertum habēbat: 22. in atrōcī negōtiō: B. 337, 6; A. 292, c; H. 431, 3; G. 238. ' in a perilous emergency.' Page 21. 1. dēcrēvit: this decree was equivalent to a proclamation that the city was under martial law. See note to senātūs consultum in Cicero, 21, 1. darent: B. 295, 4 and 8; A. 331, ƒ, R.; H. 565, 5; G. 546, 2, R.2. 2. mōre Rōmānō: in early times a dictator was appointed to meet such an emergency. Resorting to the senātās cōnsultum probably did not go back of the time of the Gracchi. CICERO. Page 20. 3. lectulō: the diminutive is used to suggest the comforts and retirement of Cicero's home life, in order to intensify the atrocity of the attempt to assassinate him. Cf. 'in my old arm-chair.' 7. id temporis: B. 185, 201, 2; A. 216, a, 3, 240, b; H. 416, 2, 441; G. 336, N.2, 369. 10. rei publicae: dative following deest. |
