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PUBLIC LIBRARY

240A

ASTOR, LENOX AND
TILDEN FOUNDATIONS

R

1921

L

Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1841, by

DURRIE & PECK,

in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of Connecticut.

PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION S.

The first edition of Sallust by the present editor having been favorably received by the public, no alteration in its plan has been thought necessary In preparing a second edition, however, every part has been carefully revised.

The text, in the former edition of the Jugurthine War was based upon that of Cortius. It was not until nearly the whole of that portion of the work was printed off, that the editor was able to obtain the highly valuable editions, which, within a few years past, have issued from the German press. Of these such use was made in the remainder of the work, as the brief time allowed for this purpose would permit.

The text of Cortius was distinguished from those previously in common use by frequent ellipses, especially of particles, pronouns, and the substantive verb These ellipses gave to the author's style an appearance of peculiar harshness; and rendered the connexion at times obscure and difficult. Besides other valuable improvements in the text of this author, the German editors, after the most careful collation of manuscripts and early editions have in many instances restored the words omitted by Cortius.

The text adopted in both parts of the present edition is, in general, that of Kritz. but modified by reference to the editions of Planche, Burnouf, Gerlach, Herzog and the Bipont editors. The alterations made in this edition will, it is believed, commend themselves to all, who shall examine them with care, as serving to remove many of the difficulties found in the common editions.

The orthography of the first edition, which, with few exceptions, was that adopted by the Bipont editors and by Planche, has been retained.

The following extracts from the preface to the first edition will sufficiently explain its general plan.

Ta arranging the two treatises of Sallust constituting the text of this work, the first place has been assigned to the War against Jugurtha. Such an arrangement seemed to be expedient in a work intended for the use of students not previously familiar with Roman history; inasmuch as the History of Catiline's Conspiracy, which occurred many years after the war against Jugurtha, contains numerous allusions to persons engaged in that war, and to political events connected with it.

ost prominent difficulties in Latin syntax arise from the use obliqua, the occurrence of this construction has generally been ́means of single inverted commas, while direct quotations are distin by the usual marks.

e preparation of the accompanying Dictionary, much time and labor been devoted. The design has been to unite, so far as a due regard to y would permit, the advantages of a Lexicon Sallustianum with those of general dictionary." To this end the common significations of each word are given, whether occurring in Sallust or not, but in noting the constructions of words, those only are mentioned, which are found in this author. "The plan of the work did not permit the introduction of extended discussions relating to points of history or biography, customs or laws. For minute information on these and kindred subjects, it was thought better to refer the student to his Classical Dictionary and Roman Antiquities, and especially to some good Roman history; such, for example, as Ferguson's Roman Republic.

In preparing the notes of this edition, it has been the aim of the editor to supply such information only, as could not properly be inserted in the Dictionary. He has endeavoured to furnish precisely such aid as he supposed a diligent student would need, and to present it in such a form as would direct his investiga. tions, instead of superseding them. A free use has been made of the materials contained in the notes of Burnouf, Planche and Kritz, and such other notes have been added as the design of the work seemed to require. In explaining the grammatical constructions, the editor has generally contented himself with a simple reference to that part of the grammar in which a solution of the difficulty may be found, leaving it to the student's own reflection to make the application

LIFE OF CAIUS CRISPUS SALLUSTIUS.

SALLUST, the celebrated Roman historian, was born at Amiternum, a town, In the Sabine territory, in the year of Rome 668, 86 years before the birth of Christ, and in the consulship of Cinna and Carbo. While young he removed to Rome, where he devoted himself to literary pursuits, under the direction of Atteius Prætextatus, a celebrated Athenian grammarian, and an instructor in the art of rhetoric.

At an early age, probably about the year of Rome 695, he obtained the questorship, and consequently became entitled to a seat in the senate. In the year 701, during a period of great civil commotion, he was made a tribune of the people; and in the dissensions consequent upon the death of Clodius, he took an active part in opposition to Milo. To this course he was probably moved not less by personal hostility to Milo, whom he had greatly injured, and from whom he had received a severe, but well merited chastisement, than by attachment to the party of Clodius. In the year 704 the censors, Appius Claudius and Calpurnius Fiso, degraded him from his rank as senator, on account of the infamy of his private character.

It was probably about this time, that he wrote the History of the Catilinarian Conspiracy, with the exception, perhaps, of the part relating to the characters of Cæsar and Cato, though some ascribe to the whole work a later date. Of most of the events connected with this conspiracy, Sallust had been an eye witness, and, with few exceptions, he appears to have recorded them with exemplary impartiality. Though at a later period, the bitter enemy of Cicero, he manifests no such hostility in his account of this conspiracy, unless it be found in the somewhat faint praise which he bestows upon that illustrious orator and patriotic statesman.

Notwithstanding he expressed the determination in the introduction of this history, of spending the remainder of his days remote from the agitations of public life, he yet entered soon after with renewed ardor into the violent strug gles which arose between the parties of Pompey and Cæsar. In this contest he espoused the cause of Cæsar, to whom he was personally attached, and through whose influence, in the year of the city 706, he was again made questor, and consequently reinstated in the senate. In the following year by the same influence he was raised to the pretorship, and about this time also he married J'erentia, whom Cicero had recently divorced.

Soon after these events the civil war was renewed in Africa, where the rent nants, of the senatorial party had been assembled under the command of Scipio and Cato. To oppose these Sallust was directed to conduct a detachment of several legions, by the way of Capua to the shores of Campania, where they were to embark for Africa. On arriving at the port of embarkation, a mutiny arose among the troops on account of their unwillingness to leave Italy, and to encounter anew the hardships and dangers to which they had been so long exposed. Sallust found his authority of no avail to suppress the insurrection, and was compelled to secure his own safety by a precipitate flight to Rome, whither he was followed by a great number of the troops. Order being at length restored by the presence and authority of Cæsar, the legions consented to embark, and shortly afterwards landed in Africa. Subsequently in an expe dition entrusted to his command, against the island of Cercina, Sallust is said to have evinced considerable courage, military skill and prowess.

After the close of this war, he was appointed to the command of the African province, where he acquired immense riches by oppressing the people. On his return home, he was accused by the Numidians, of mal-administration of the affairs of his province, but escaped punishment through the friendship of Cæsar with whom he is reported to have shared his spoils. Scarcely, however, had he been acquitted, when Cæsar, on whom all his fortunes depended, was assassinated, on the ides of March, in the year of Rome 710.

With this event terminated the political career of Sallust, who thenceforward devoted himself wholly to the pursuits of private life. In his retirement, besides other historical works of which a few fragments now remain, he composed the History of the Jugurthine War, for which he had collected ample materials during his residence in Africa. He also erected a magnificent residence upon the Quirinal Hill, and laid out those beautiful gardens, which afterwards bore his name, and which were long considered as the pride and ornament of Rome. After his decease, which occurred in the year 718, his house and gardens became the favorite residence of successive Roman emperors.

As a historian, Sallust has few equals. His style is in a high degree concise resembling in this and in other respects that of Thucydides, whom, he seems to have taken as his model. He is distinguished also for his uncommon talent at graphic description, and his masterly delineations of character. In his writings he is ever the advocate of virtue, and the stern, uncompromising foe of corruption in every form, whether exhibited in the venal administration of government, or in the obscurer vices of private life. Unfortunately for his memory, the principles of virtue inculcated in his writings seem to have had but little influence in the conduct of his life; and posterity has shown the less indulgence to his faults, from the contrast which they exhibit to his own moral precepts.

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