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FIG.

32. Bust of L. Junius Rusticus (Stoic philosopher of the time of Domitian), showing a rough "philosophic beard."

33. Statue of an unknown Roman with the toga.

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Visconti.

34. Coin of C. Clodius. Obverse: head of Flora. Reverse: Vestal with simpulum (sacrificial ladle).

35. Writing implements: atramentarium (for black and red ink); papyrus letter sealed and addressed; tabellae and stilus. Wall

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Brunn.

Cohen.

Overbeck's Pompeii.

Bronze in the Capitoline

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38. Coin of P. Licinius Crassus Junianus. Obverse: head of Jupiter. Reverse: balance; cornucopia; curule chair.

39. Pompeian shop (restored).

Cohen.

Baumeister.

40. Plan showing the arrangement of Pompeian shops along the

streets.

Baumeister.

41. Bronze brazier (focus), from the baths of Pompeii.
42. Sarcophagus of Scipio Barbatus. With a bust formerly identi-

Photograph.

fied with Ennius. .

Photograph.

43. Coin of Cato Uticensis. Obverse: head of Liberty. Reverse: Victory seated.

44. Writing Implements: tablets (tabellae), inkstands (atramentaria), pens (stili), papyrus rolls (volumina), box for holding rolls (scrinium); also money bags (sacculi) and coins (nummi). Wall painting.

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Cohen.

Museo Borbonico.

45. Girl Writing a Letter (showing tabellae and stilus). Wall painting.

46. Coin of Brutus and Casca. Obverse: head of Brutus. Reverse:

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48. Coin of Mark Antony and his Brother Lucius.

49. L. Domitius Ahenobarbus (from a coin).

50. Coin of Lepidus and Octavianus as Triumvirs. 51. Coin of Pansa.

Museo Borbonico.

Cohen Photograph. Visconti.

Cohen.

Cohen.

Cohen.

52. Coin of Q. Cassius.
memory of the condemnation of the Vestals by L. Cassius
Longinus, prætor B.C. 113): temple of Vesta, with curule
chair, voting urn, juror's ballot marked A (absolvo), and C
(condemno): see p. lxv.

Obverse head of Liberty. Reverse (in

Cohen.

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PREFACE

THE present volume is not intended to supersede the revised edition of Cicero's Select Orations. It has been prepared to meet the needs of those teachers who prefer marked quantities and who wish to introduce their students to Cicero's Letters. Several orations have been omitted, and their place is supplied by a careful selection from Cicero's correspondence. The letters are arranged chronologically, like the orations. They throw light on Cicero's character, on Roman political history, and on various phases of ancient manners, and at the same time they illustrate almost every variety of letter-writing, from hasty notes on family matters to weighty discussions of public policy. One letter from Pompey to Cicero and one from Cæsar have also been included.

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Several maps have been added, and a new plan of the Forum, exhibiting the remarkable series of excavations begun in 1899. These have brought to light the Comitium, the Basilica Aemilia, the Lake and Sanctuary of Juturna, and other important remains. The plan is taken, with slight modifications, from that in Richter's Topographie der Stadt Rom (edition of 1901). For permission to reproduce the figure of the base of Cæsar's column from Lanciani's New Tales of Old Rome, the editors are indebted to Messrs. Houghton, Mifflin, and Company, the publishers of that interesting work. Several new maps are also included in the present volume. The vocabulary has been carefully revised.

The following extract from the Preface to the Select Orations may be appended:

"The present volume is practically an entirely new work, since the notes have been almost wholly rewritten, and very

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