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Here it will be observed that the antepenultimate note of the plaint-chant is flat; and this corresponds with some of the most ancient copies in the Latin service books.

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In 1565, another choral work was brought out by the same publisher, under the following title :— Morning and Evening Prayer and Communion, set forthe in foure Partes, to be song in Churches, both for Men and Children,with dyvers other Godly Prayers and Anthems, of sundry Mens doynges. Imprinted at London by John Day, &c. 1565." The compositions in this collection are by Thomas Causton, Heath, Robert Hasleton, Knight, Johnson, Tallis, Oakland, and Shepard.

Tallis's Service was probably not written until after 1565, or it would doubtless have been inserted in one of Day's publications here mentioned. But as it is impossible, at present, to fix the date of it, the Editor merely offers the above as his opinion. Mr. Dyce says (upon what authority does not appear) that Tallis harmonized the Litany some twenty years after the harmonized edition of Grafton appeared, which was in 1544, as already stated: but Mr. Rimbault observes, that his arrangement of the Responses and Litany is at least as old as the edition of the Prayer Book published in the reign of Elizabeth*.

From 1565 to 1641, no collection, except psalm tunes, appear to have been printed for the service of the church; when the following magnificent collection of Services and Anthems was published:-" The first book of selected Church-Music, consisting of services and anthems, such as are now used in the

* As several editions of the Prayer Book were printed in Queen Elizabeth's reign, and the particular edition referred to is not stated by Mr. R., the date cannot be determined from his remark.

cathedral and collegiate churches of this kingdom, never before printed, whereby such books as were heretofore with much difficulty and charges transcribed for the use of the quire, are now, to the saving of much labour and expence, published for the general good of all such as shall desire them, either for publick or private exercise. Collected out of divers approved authors by John Barnard, one of the Minor Canons of the Cathedral Church of Saint Paul, London. London, printed by Edward Griffin, and are to be solde at the signe of the Three Lutes, in Paul's Alley. 1641."

This work is dedicated to King Charles I, and consists of ten large folio volumes, namely: Medius, 1st Counter, 2nd Counter, Tenor, and Bass, for the Decani side of the choir; and a like number for the Cantoris side. These, however, are not mere duplicates of the former; as the Decani passages are not given in the Cantoris books, nor vice versa. Through the kindness of a friend, the Editor has obtained a sight of eight of the volumes, which perhaps constitute the most perfect set now to be met with; for, shortly after their publication, organs and choir-books were alike destroyed, and the cathedral service abolished, during the fanaticism of the great Rebellion.

Besides the Preces, Responses, Litany, and Services by Tallis, contained in the above collection, there are also two sets of Preces by Bird, and a set by Orlando Gibbons*. The other compositions are by the following authors:-Dr. Tye, Robert White, Shepheard, Tallis, Orlando Gibbons, Bird, Farrant, Morley, Strogers, Bevin, Mundy, Edmund Hooper,

The Preces include the music to that portion of Morning and Evening Prayer commencing with the words "O Lord, open thou our lips," and ending with "Praise ye the Lord."

Batten, Robert Parsons, Dr. Giles, Woodson, Dr. Bull, Weelkes, and Ward.

After the Restoration, in 1661, a little book was printed at Oxford, under the title of "Some short Directions for the performance of Cathedral Service; by Edward Lowe." In 1664, it was reprinted, with the following title:-" A review of some short directions formerly printed, for performance of Cathedral Service, with many usefull additions according to the Common Prayer Book, as it is now established. Published for the information of such as are ignorant of that service, and shall be called to officiate in Cathedral or Collegiate Churches: or any other that religiously desire to beare a part in that service. The second edition, with many usefull additions relating to the new Service-Booke, and purposely printed so as to be bound up with it. By E. L. Oxford. Printed by W. Hall, for Richard Davis. A. Dom. 1664." This work contains the plain-chant, as generally used; and, for festivals, Tallis's Responses and Litany, in four parts. There are also four harmonized chants in the body of the work; and, at the end, is a Burial Service in four parts, and two settings of the Hymn, Veni Creator*.

In 1662, the last revision of the Prayer Book was made, at which time the Sentences, Exhortation, Confession, and Absolution, were added to the Evening Service, and some other alterations made, which will be noticed in their proper place.

In 1664, appeared a "Collection of Divine Services and Anthems usually sung in his Majesties Cha

A new and very beautifully printed edition of this work (omitting the Burial Service and Veni Creator) has lately appeared, by Mr. E. F. Rimbault. In this, as well as in the Histories of Hawkins and Burney, Robert Parsons is named as the author of the Burial Service; but, in the copy of the second edition consulted by the Editor of this work, it is ascribed to John Parsons.

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pell, and in all the Cathedral and Collegiate Choirs of England and Ireland, by James Clifford." This work contains two prefaces, "one whereof," says Sir John Hawkins, seems to have been published with an earlier edition of the book*." The other preface contains Chants for the Venite exultemus, Te Deum, Benedicite, Jubilate, Magnificat, Cantate Domino, Nunc Dimittis, Deus misereatur, the Psalms, and the Creed of St. Athanasius. After these, follow "Brief directions for the understanding of that part of divine service performed with the organ in St. Paul's Cathedral on Sundayes, &c." Of the services and anthems, only the words are given.

In 1668, the following work was published:"Musica Deo Sacra et Ecclesiæ Anglicana; or Musick dedicated to the Honor and Service of God, and to the use of Cathedral and other Churches in England, especially of the Chapell Royal of King Charles the First, by Thomas Tomkins. London, printed by William Godbid, in Little Britain; and are to be sold by Timothy Garthwait, in Little St. Bartholomew's Hospital, 1668+." This work comprises five folio volumes, four for the voices, and one for the organ; and contains five complete morning and evening services, and one hundred and four full and verse anthems for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, and 12 voices.

The plain-chant of the cathedral service was printed by John Playford, in several of the editions of his "Introduction to the Skill of Musick," under this heading :-" The order of performing the

* Mr. Jebb mentions an edition of this work with the date 1661. See The Choral Service of the Church, 1843, page 246.

+ Dr. Burney says, The copy of these compositions in Christ Church Coll. Oxford, is dated 1664;" but of several copies known to the Editor, all are dated as above.

divine service in Cathedrals, and Collegiate Chappels." Thus, it is given in the seventh edition of 1674, in the tenth of 1683, in the fourteenth of 1700, and in the nineteenth of 1730; but it does not occur in the first edition of 1654*, nor in either of the editions published in the following years—-1664, 1667, 1670, 1672, 1694.

Having now sufficiently noticed and explained the nature of the ancient publications relative to the cathedral service, the next point for consideration appears to be whether the Responses and Litany were originally harmonized in four or in five parts by Tallis.

Sir John Hawkins†, after remarking that the Preces of Tallis are no other than those of Marbeck in his Book of Common Prayer noted, says, "The responses are somewhat different, that is to say, in the tenor part, which is supposed to contain the melody; but Tallis has improved them, by the addition of three parts, and thereby formed a judicious contrast between the supplications of the priest and the suffrages of the people as represented by the choir." This assertion would probably have been unnoticed, but for the circumstance that Mr. Rimbault, in the introduction to his beautiful reprint of Lowe's book, has observed that " the Responses and Litany in four parts are harmonized by Tallis." It is true that they

* This edition was unknown to Hawkins and Burney, who both give 1655 as the date of the first edition; which fact, coupled with the supposition that the various editions of the work correspond more closely with each other than is really the case, has probably led Mr. Jebb to state that Playford's notation of the choral service was first published in 1655. See Choral Service of the Church, page 249.

History of Music, vol. iii, page 263.

Tallis's Responce, as given in Barnard's Collection, includes the music to that portion of the Morning and Evening Prayer, from the words" The Lord be with you," after the Apostles' Creed, to the first Collect.

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