Rome in the north corner of the Forum.

careō, -ēre, -ui, -itūrus, with abl., be deprived of, do without, abstain from.

carptim, [carpō, pick], adv., piecemeal, in parts, for different periods. Carthaginiensis,-is, [Carthāgō], m. and f., Carthaginian. Carthāgō, -inis, f., Carthage, a powerful city on the north coast of Africa, near the modern Tunis.

cārus, -a, -um, adj., dear, precious.

Cassius, -a, name of a Roman

gens; L. Cassius Longīnus, a senator, was one of Catiline's chief conspirators.

castra, -ōrum, n. pl., camp, encampment.

castrensis, -e, [castra], adj., of

after the defeat at Thapsus in B.C. 46, rather than submit to Caesar, he committed suicide at Utica, whence he was called Uticēnsis.

Catulus, -ī, m., name of a family of the Lutatian gens; Q. Lutātius Catulus, consul B. c. 78, was a highly respected leader of the senatorial party. causa, -ae, f., cause, reason, motive, occasion; ea causa, on this account; causa with preceding gen., for the sake of, on account of; in law, judicial process; causā cōgnitā, after a judicial investigation. caveō, -ēre, cāvī, cautus, be on one's guard; cavēre ab, guard against, take precautions against; cavēte foll. by subj., beware of, take care not to, see that you do not.

force appended to pronouns, as, hīce, huiusce.

dent, chance; mishap, misfortune, disaster.

caterva, -ae, f., crowd, band,

company.

Catilina, -ae, m., name of a Roman family of the Sergian gens; L. Sergius Catilīna, L. Sergius Catiline, see Introduction.

Catō, -ōnis, [catus, shrewd], m., name of a Roman family of the Porcian gens; M. Porcius Cato, great-grandson of Cato the Censor, was famed for his firmness and integrity; at the time of Catiline's conspiracy, he was a prominent senator;

cēdō, -ere, cessi, cessus, with

dat., yield, give way, retire, retreat, resign, submit; locō cēdere, abandon one's post; result, happen; prōsperē cēdere, succeed.

celebrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, [celeber, celebrated], celebrate, honor, make famous. Celer, -eris, [celer, swift], m., a Roman cognomen in the family of the Metelli, see Metellus (2).

celeritas, -ātis, [celer, swift], f., quickness, swiftness, speedy action.

celeriter, [celer], adv., quickly, speedily.

pal meal of the Romans, usually beginning about the middle of the afternoon and lasting at least several hours. cēnseō, -ēre, -uī, cēnsus, (rate, estimate); of the senate and its members, be of opinion, propose, recommend, move, vote, decree; sometimes ironically,

suppose.

cēnsor, -ōris, [cēnseō], m., censor, a Roman magistrate. Two censors were elected every five years to hold office for eighteen months; their chief duties were to enroll and tax the citizens, let contracts for public works, and supervise the morals of senate, equites, and people. centum, indecl. num. adj., a hundred.

centuriō, -ōnis, [centuria, company of a hundred soldiers], m., centurion, commander of a centuria, corresponding to a sergeant in a modern army. Cēpārius, see Caepārius. cernō, -ere, crēvi, crētus, [CER,

part], see, perceive, discern. certamen, -inis, [certō], n., struggle, contest, dispute, contention, quarrel; rivalry. 1. certo, [certus], adv., cer

tainly, assuredly, fully.

L

2. certō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, [certus], fight, struggle; vie with. certus, -a, -um, [cernō], adj., certain; sure, true, reliable; definite, particular, special ; prō certō, assuredly, positively; prō certō habētōte, be assured; aliquem certiōrem facere, inform, apprise.

ders.

cēterum, [cēterus], conj., for the rest, now, besides, further; but, yet, still.

cēterus, -a, -um, adj., the other, the rest.

Cethēgus, -i, m., name of a Roman family in the Cornelian gens; C. Cornelius Cethegus, a senator, was one of the most reckless of Catiline's follow

ers.

Chilō, -ōnis, m., name of a Roman family in the Annian gens; Q. Annius Chilo was one of Catiline's accomplices. Cicerō, -ōnis, [cicer, chick-pea], m., name of a Roman family in the Tullian gens; M. Tullius Cicero, the orator and

writer, was consul in B. c. 63. Cimber, -brī, m., name of a Roman family in the Gabinian gens; P. Gabinius Capitō (see Capito) is called Cimber Gabinius by Cicero, 35, 8. Cimbricus, -a, -um, [Cimbrī], adj., Cimbrian, of the Cimbri, a people of Northern Germany, who with the Teutones threatened to invade Italy, and greatly alarmed the Romans by defeating several of their armies. However, in B.C. 101 they were utterly defeated by Marius at Campi Raudii. Cinna, -ae, m., name of a Roman family in the Cornelian gens; L. Cornelius Cinna, consul in B.C. 86, on the death of his colleague Marius, became virtually sole ruler of Rome for three years.

not far from.

circum, [circus, circle], prep. | with acc., and adv., around, about.

circumclūdō, -ere, -clūsī, -clūsus, [circum + claudō, shut], shut in, surround, hem in. circum-dō, -dare, -dedi, -datus, put around, surround. circum-eō, -īre, -īvī or -ii, circumitus or circuitus, go around. circum-ferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātus, bear around, carry around. circumscriptor, -ōris, [circum+ scribō]; m., cheat.

circum-veniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventus, surround, beset, press hard; attack, waylay; ensnare, entrap, entangle, involve.

citerior, -ius, [citer from cis, on

this side], adj., on this side, hither, nearer; Hispania citerior, Hither Spain, i.e. the eastern half; Gallia citerior, Cisalpine Gaul, in Northern Italy.

citō, [citus], adv., quickly, speedily.

citus, -a, -um, [part. of cieō,

move], adj., quick, swift, rapid. civilis, -e, [cīvis], adj., of citi

zens, of one's countrymen, civil.

cīvis, -is, m. and f., citizen, fellow-citizen, fellow-countryman, countryman. cīvitās, -ātis, [cīvis], f., body of citizens, citizens; state, commonwealth.

clādēs, -is, f., disaster; slaughter, massacre.

clamor, shouts.

clārus, -a, -um, [CAL, call], adj., clear, manifest, plain, evident; brilliant, illustrious, distinguished, famous, glorious. claudō, -ere, clausī, clausus, [CLAV, lock], shut up; hide, conceal; hem in. cliēns, -entis, [for cluēns, part. of clueō, hear], m., dependant, client, one who, retaining his freedom, placed himself under the protection of a wealthy patron, who provided him with food and clothing, but in turn required him to be at his beck and call at all times. Cn., abbreviation for Gnaeus. co-, see cum- in composition. co-aequō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus,

[aequō, make level], level. co-alēsco, -ere, -alui, -alitus,

[alēscō, increase, inceptive from alō], become united, unite, blend, coalesce. co-arguō, -ēre, -uī, -, [arguō, make clear], prove guilty, convict. (coepiō, -ere, obsolete), coepi, coeptus, [com + AP, lay hold], begin, commence.

coerceō, -ēre, -ui, -itus, [com + arceō, shut up], restrain, control. coetus, -ūs, [co-eō, go together], m., meeting, assembly. cōgitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, [com + agitō], consider, reflect, think.

cōgnātus, -i, [com + GNA, beget], m., kinsman, blood-relation, relative.

cognoscō, -ere, cōgnōvī, cōgnitus, [com +(g)nōscō], become acquainted with, hear, ascertain, find, learn, examine, investigate; understand, comprehend; recognize, acknowledge; identify; in perf. tenses, know, be aware; causā cōgnitā, after a judicial investigation.

cōgō, -ere, coēgī, coāctus, [com + ago], bring together, collect, assemble.

cohors, hortis, [com + HER, grasp], f., (enclosure, cattleyard, crowd), company, division, cohort, the tenth part of a legion, usually about 360 men; cohors praetōria, bodyguard of the general (who was originally praetor).

co-hortor, -ārī, -ātus sum, en

courage, exhort, urge. collega, -ae, [com + LEG, be fixed], m., colleague, associate.

colligō, -ere, -lēgī, -lēctus, [com

+ LEG, gather], collect, assemble, gather.

collocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, [com

+ loco], place, post, station. collubet, -ēre, -lubuit or -lubi

tum est, [com + lubet], impers., with dat., it pleases, it is agreeable.

collum, -i, n., neck.

complexion.

com-, see cum- in composition. comes, -itis, [com + 1, go], m. and f., companion, comrade. comitātus, -ūs, [comitor, accompany], m,, company, retinue, train, escort.

comitia, -ōrum, [com + 1, go], n. pl., an assembly of the people to elect magistrates, enact laws, etc., election. comitium, -1, [com + 1, go], n., the comitium, an open space in the north corner of the Forum, where the comitia cūriāta were held. commeatus, -ūs, [commeō, go back and forth], m., provisions, supplies. com-memorō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, call to mind, remind; mention. commendatiō, -ōnis, [commendō], f., recommendation, commendation. commendō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, [commandō], commend, commit, intrust, confide. comminus, [com + manus], adv., hand to hand, at close quarters, in close combat. com-mittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missus

(bring together in fight); proelium committere, begin the engagement; commit, perpetrate. commodo, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, [commodus, fitting], furnish, supply, provide, produce.

tivate; cherish, practise. colonia, -ae, [colōnus], f., colony. colōnus, -i, [colō], m., member or citizen of a colony, colonist.

ting], n., convenience, advantage, interest. com-moror, -ārī, -ātus sum, tarry, delay, wait, stay.

com-moveō, -ēre, -mōvī, -mōtus, move greatly, stir, rouse, disturb, excite. communicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, [communis], with cum, communicate, share, identify; consult, concert with. com-mūnis, -e, [mūnis, serviceable], adj., with cum, common, in common. com-parō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, prepare, make ready, furnish, provide, procure, collect, obtain, raise.

com-pellō, -ere, -pulī, -pulsus,

drive, force, compel. comperio, -īre, -perī, -pertus, [com + pario], with acc. and inf., find out, ascertain, tearn, discover, prove, authenticate. com-pleō, -ēre, -ēvi, -ētus, [pleō, fill], with abl., fill up, fill, complete.

complexus, -ūs, [complector, embrace], m., embrace. com-plūrēs, -plūra (-ia), gen. -ium, adj., pl., several, a number, many.

composite, [compōnō, arrange], adv., in studied language, in elaborate style. com-prehendō, -ere, -hendi, -hēnsus, [prehendo, grasp], take into custody, arrest. com-probō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, establish, attest, confirm, verify. con-, see cum- in composition. cōnātus, -ūs, [cōnor], m., attempt, endeavor, effort, enterprise.

cadō], fall, be slain; collapse.

concito, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, [freq. from concio, call together], rouse, stir, excite, instigate. con-clāmō, -āre, -āvī; -ātus, [clamo, cry out], with acc. and inf., cry out, call out, shout.

concordia, -ae, [concors, of the same mind], f., harmony, concord; Concordia, -ae, f., Concord, Goddess of Concord, in whose temple, on the northwest side of the Forum, the senate often met. con-cupiscō, -ere, -cupīvi, -cupitus, [cupiscō, inceptive from cupio], long for, greatly desire, covet. con-currō, -ere, -currī (-cucurrī), -cursus, with ad, hasten to, flock to; with cum, rush together, meet, engage in battle, fight.

con-cursus, -ūs, m., crowding to

gether, assembling, concourse. concutio, -ere, -cussi, -cussus, [com + quatiō, shake], alarm, trouble, confound, dismay. condemnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, [com + damno], convict, condemn,

sentence.

con-cēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessus, with in and acc., pass over into, pass under. concidō, -ere, -cidi,