KEY ΤΟ LESSONS IN LATIN CONSISTING MAINLY OF EXTRACTS AND ADAPTATIONS FROM THE WRITINGS OF CICERO, CÆSAR, AND LIVY; WITH REFERENCES TO THE ORIGINAL AUTHORS. BY W. W. BRADLEY, M.A. LATE DEMY OF MAGDALEN COLLEGE, OXFORD. LONDON: LONGMAN, GREEN, LONGMAN, ROBERTS, & GREEN. This KEY (price 5s. 6d.) is published for the sole use of those engaged in tuition. Applications for it should be made to the Author under cover to the Publishers, or addressed to him at 101 Marina, St. Leonard's-on-Sea. LONDON PRINTED BY SPOTTISWOODE AND CO. NEW-STREET SQUARE PREFACE. IN the preparation of this Key, the author has used Nobbe's Cicero, and Tauchnitz' Cæsar and Livy; and the references are to these editions. In the case of the last-named writer, a different reading, as given by Drakenborch, has occasionally been adopted.' In order to facilitate reference to the original works, each chapter of Cæsar and Livy is supposed to be divided into three equal parts, designated respectively by the letters a, b, and c. Two letters conjoined, as ab, show that the example in question begins in one and ends in another of these parts.2 The same plan of imaginary division is also applied to many letters, or sections of letters, in Cicero's writings. Wherever a simple reference has been appended to one of the shorter examples, the passage, as it stands in this Key, is nearly or exactly identical with the original. The word See has been prefixed to the 1 See for an instance of such a variation the third foot-note on page 122. 2 There being no system of subdivision in general use, this plan seemed preferable to following the arrangement of any particular editor. reference in those cases in which any considerable addition or alteration has been made. Where no reference is given, the example in question was composed by the author. Of the longer passages, most of which constitute singly a whole Exercise, some are the composition of the author, and are marked Original.' The remainder are borrowed, with more or less of compression and adaptation, from the purest classical sources the writings of Cicero, Cæsar, and Livy. Exact translations of passages from these authors, with nothing omitted and nothing varied, would have been a far easier task than the plan which has been adopted: but for reasons obvious to the experienced tutor they could not have answered the same purpose; nor indeed would they have proved suitable Exercises for pupils of the class for whose use this work is especially designed. One point deserves notice with respect to the passages borrowed from Cæsar. His style, as we might expect from our knowledge of the man and his times, while unsurpassed in perspicuity, is wanting in variety and finish. Among other marks which betray the non-professional writer, he constantly repeats the same word or construction in awkward juxta-position.' In some such cases this defect has 1 Possibly his love of perspicuity may have induced him to offend in this respect knowingly. But however this may be, such repetitions abound, and are a blemish on his style. been pointed out in a foot-note: in others the author has even ventured to alter his original.2 Such alterations however are few and trifling. The subject is only mentioned here, because boys, as indeed all unpractised writers, are very apt to fall into the same fault: and, while nothing but a habit of composition and a fuller command of language will enable them to overcome this tendency, it is desirable that their attention should be drawn to it betimes. A few hints are now added, which, being intended solely for the tutor's eye, seem to find a more appropriate place here, than in the Exercise-book itself for which this Key has been prepared. Except in the case of some of the shorter examples, which a boy would not think it worth his while to hunt for, proper names have generally been omitted, paraphrased, or altered.3 But for some such precaution, the Index found at the end of most editions of Cæsar or Livy would have revealed the source of many Exercises. It is true that this plan has in some cases been carried out at the expense of strict historical accuracy. But the object of an 78. page 99. 1 See the second foot-note on page 62, and the fourth on page 2 See the second of the foot-notes on page 80 and on 3 Thus sacerdotes has been substituted for Druides in Exercise lxxxii., and quidam de plebe for P. Scaptius in Exercise lxx. In Exercise lxvii. M. Petreius has been changed into Quintus Atrius, and in Exercise lxxxviii. M. Manlius into C. Cassius. Many other similar alterations might be specified. а |
